Intake Promoting Effects of Large Portions in Children

描述（由申请人提供）：《2010年健康人》6-11岁儿童超重的目标是5%（目标19-3a）。然而，这一领先的健康指标与公共健康目标的距离越来越远，目前有15%的美国儿童超重。儿童体重过重的新流行突出表明，需要查明造成这种现象的环境因素。市场上的趋势，过度和不断增长的部分大小在家里和外面加强了关注，大部分可能会直接导致这一问题，促进过量摄入。然而，关于份量大小对儿童饮食影响的实证研究却极为有限。两项设计类似的研究提供了初步证据，证明大部分主菜刺激了用餐时的消费。然而，份量大小对饮食影响的范围和性质仍不清楚;对摄入量的影响是否普遍存在于食物、能量密度和偏好中尚不清楚，因为大份量导致过量摄入的平均值也是未知的。特别值得关注的公共健康问题是，提供大量食物是否会影响儿童对含糖饮料、水果和蔬菜以及高能量食物的摄入。拟议的研究涉及一系列四个实验，旨在解决五个广泛的目标。前三个实验将通过评估来评估份量大小效应的范围：（1）份量大小对儿童食用含糖饮料的影响;（2）份量大小对儿童摄入水果和蔬菜（FV）的影响，以及这种影响是否受到儿童FV偏好的调节;（3）食物的能量密度是否与食物分量大小有相加作用而影响儿童的能量消耗。第四个实验将开始，以确定机制，大部分可能会促进过量摄入的调查：（1）的影响，部分大小对进食时间和速度以及咬的大小和频率和（2）板的大小对儿童的反应大部分。拟议的研究直接解决了NIH PA-04-033的目标，饮食组成和能量平衡，通过启动一系列短期研究，系统地评估部分大小对幼儿热量摄入的影响。这项研究将产生新的数据，以澄清这种潜在的肥胖影响的公共卫生意义。这一基本行为调查的结果可用于指导关于食物份量对儿童能量消耗和体重影响的长期研究的设计。此外，这些基本的研究结果也可以用来开发干预措施，旨在修改幼儿环境的潜在obesigenic方面。最后，研究结果将提供一个科学的依据，预期指导幼儿的父母关于适当的部分大小。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Healthy People 2010 target for overweight among 6-11 year old children is five percent (Objective 19-3a). This leading health indicator, however, is moving at increasing distance from public health goals with 15 percent of US children currently overweight. The emerging epidemic of overweight among children underscores the need to identify contributing environmental factors. Marketplace trends for excessive and growing portion sizes in and outside the home have reinforced concerns that large portions may directly contribute to this problem by promoting excessive intake. Empirical investigation of portion size effects on children's eating, however, has been extremely limited. Two similarly designed studies provided initial evidence that serving large portions of an entree stimulated consumption at meals. However, the scope and nature of portion size influences on eating remain unclear; whether effects on intake generalize across foods, energy density and preference is unknown as is the mean(s) by which large portions cause excessive intake. Of particular public health interest is whether serving large portions may affect children's intake of sweetened beverages, fruits and vegetables, and energy dense foods. The proposed research involves a series of four experiments designed to address five broad aims. The first three experiments will evaluate scope of portion size effects by evaluating: (1) the effect of portion size on children's consumption of sweetened beverages; (2) the effect of portion size on children's intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and whether such effects are moderated by children's FV preferences and; (3) whether the energy density of foods acts additively with portion size to affect children's energy consumption. A fourth experiment will begin to identify mechanisms by which large portions may promote excessive intake by investigating: (1) the effect of portion size on eating duration and rate as well as bite size and frequency and (2) the effects of plate size on children's response to large portions. The proposed investigation directly addresses the objectives of NIH PA-04-033, Diet Composition and Energy Balance, by initiating a series of short-term studies to systematically evaluate the effects of portion size on caloric intake in young children. This research will produce new data to clarify the public health significance of this potentially obesigenic influence. The results of this basic behavioral investigation may be used to inform the design of long-term studies on the effects of portion size on children's energy consumption and weight. Further, these basic research findings may also be used to develop interventions aimed at modifying potentially obesigenic aspects of young children's environments. Finally, findings will provide a scientific basis for anticipatory guidance to parents of young children regarding appropriate portion size.