Deconstructing food parenting approaches to obesity prevention for the highly food motivated child

项目摘要 幼儿中高水平的食物动机是可遗传的，随着时间的推移而跟踪，并与 不健康饮食和肥胖的风险增加。尽管以家庭为基础的肥胖预防工作取得了显著增长， 努力，证据基础是显着缺乏养育高度食物动机的儿童，以防止肥胖 和不良的饮食结果。需要摆脱“一刀切”的食物养育方法， 特别是来自低收入种族和少数民族家庭的儿童， 更大的差距，肥胖，是代表性不足，在食品养育和家庭为基础的预防 文献，以及对他们的预防工作迄今为止取得的成功有限。我们的目标是产生一个 强有力的基础科学证据表明，养育高度食物动机的儿童，以防止过度 不同种族/民族学龄前儿童的膳食摄入量和体重指数（BMI）增加 低收入的少数民族家庭。采用前瞻性队列设计，我们建议随访450名西班牙裔 在三个时间点，当儿童从学前班过渡到 在小学，当大量儿童开始经历饮食质量差的问题时， 肥胖我们将招募具有不同食物动机的儿童，以了解高度食物动机是否 孩子们的需求不同于其他孩子。我们提出了一种多方法的方法，使用最先进的 包括生态瞬时评估在内的措施，全面调查 和食物养育实践的一致性（即，具体的，以目标为导向的行为），以防止食物 动机行为、过度饮食摄入和儿童BMI增加。具体而言，我们建议 全面评估结构的作用（即，理论上支持的）及其与更多 强制性的食物控制目标1将描述多维饮食行为特征， 通过与观察到的食物动机行为，过量饮食摄入， BMI增加超过2年。目标2将评估食物养育结构的数量、类型和一致性 需要防止食物动机行为，过度饮食摄入，以及高食物摄入者的BMI增加。 2岁以上的儿童与其他儿童相比，目标3将评估结构化食物育儿实践是否更 在涉及高水平控制的饲养或饲养方式的全球方法的背景下是有益的 (i.e.,独裁主义）与更平衡的风格（即，权威）。研究结果将1）产生一种基础科学 目前尚不存在的高度食物动机儿童的食物养育方法的证据基础，2） 为以家庭为基础的预防工作提供更具体的内容，以及3）支持预防工作的公平性， 代表经历更大差异的人群，在研究中代表性不足， 预防工作成效有限。

PROJECT SUMMARY High levels of food motivation among young children are heritable, track over time, and associated with elevated risks of unhealthy eating and obesity. Despite significant growth of family-based obesity prevention efforts, the evidence base is remarkably scant on parenting highly food motivated children to prevent obesity and poor dietary outcomes. The need to move away from a “one-size-fits-all” approach to food parenting is particularly pronounced for children from racial and ethnic minority families with low income that experience greater disparities in obesity, are underrepresented in the food parenting and family-based prevention literatures, and for whom prevention efforts have had limited success to date. Our goal is to generate a robust basic science evidence for parenting highly food motivated children to prevent excessive dietary intakes and body mass index (BMI) gains during the preschool years among racial/ethnic minority families with low incomes. Using a prospective cohort design, we propose to follow 450 Hispanic and Black caregiver/child dyads with low incomes at three time points as children transition from preschool to elementary school, when significant numbers of children begin to experience problems of poor diet quality and obesity. We will recruit children with varying food motivation to understand whether highly food motivated children have different needs than other children. We propose a multi-method approach using state-of-the-art measures, including ecological momentary assessment, to comprehensively investigate the amount, types, and consistency of food parenting practices (i.e., specific, goal-oriented behaviors) needed to prevent food motivated behaviors, excessive dietary intake, and BMI gains in children. Specifically, we propose to comprehensively evaluate the role of structure (i.e., theoretically supportive) and its differentiation from more coercive types of food parenting control. Aim 1 will characterize multi-dimensional eating behavior profiles and obtain evidence of validity via associations with observed food motivated behaviors, excessive dietary intakes, and BMI gains over 2 y. Aim 2 will evaluate the amount, type(s), and consistency of food parenting structure needed to prevent food motivated behaviors, excessive dietary intakes, and BMI gains among highly food motivated vs. other children over 2 y. Aim 3 will evaluate whether structured food parenting practices are more beneficial in the context of global approaches to feeding or feeding styles that involve high levels of control (i.e., authoritarian) vs. more balanced styles (i.e., authoritative). Findings will 1) generate a basic science evidence base on food parenting approaches for highly food motivated children that currently does not exist, 2) provide greater specificity for family-based prevention efforts, and 3) support equity in prevention by representing populations who experience greater disparities, are underrepresented in research, and for whom prevention efforts have had limited success.