Downshifting Sweet Preference and Added Sugar Intake During Snacking Among Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

幼儿吃零食时降低甜味偏好并增加糖摄入量：一项随机对照试验

• 批准号: 10063817
• 负责人: JENNIFER ORLET FISHER
• 金额: $ 62.85万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-01 至 2022-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10063817
• 关键词: 2 year old; Accounting; Adult; Affect; American; American Heart Association; Appetite Regulation; Behavior; Beverages; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Body mass index; Calories; Canes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Cereals; Chemicals; Child; Childhood; Consumption; Control Groups; Country; Dental caries; Desire for food; Detection; Diet; Dietary intake; Eating; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elderly; Energy Intake; Environment; Exposure to; Face; Family; Food; Food Preferences; Food Supply; Fruit; Future Generations; Genetic; Genotype; Goals; Guidelines; Hair; Health; Heart Diseases; Height; Home; Human; Individual Differences; Instruction; Intake; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Link; Liquid substance; Longevity; Marketing; Measures; Methods; Mothers; Obesity; Outcome; Parents; Pediatric Dentistry; Phenotype; Policies; Property; Questionnaires; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Solid; Specificity; Statistical Methods; Sucrose; Taste Perception; Taste preferences; Testing; Total Sugar; Treatment Efficacy; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Weight; World Health Organization; aged; base; dietary; dietary excess; evidence base; experience; feeding; follow-up; group intervention; heart disease risk; hedonic; insight; inter-individual variation; intervention effect; novel; nutrition; obesity prevention; obesity risk; obesogenic; personalized approach; post intervention; preference; programs; public health priorities; public health relevance; randomized trial; sugar; sweet taste perception; sweetened beverage; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY AND ABSTRACT The World Health Organization calls on all countries to reduce sugar intake among children because of the solid evidence that limiting intake of free (added) sugars reduces the risks of obesity, tooth decay, and later heart disease. In the United States, preschoolers are consuming, often in the context of snacking, approximately 13 teaspoons of added sugars daily, more than double what the American Heart Association recommends for children. Evidence-based strategies to effectively reduce added sugar intake and promote the liking of beverages and foods containing less added sugar are a clear public health priority. Our proposed randomized controlled trial builds upon our prior NIH-sponsored research that demonstrates the plasticity of preferences during early life and the fundamental role that repeated exposure has on shifting preferences. We have established that children have inborn, elevated preferences for sweet taste, that sugary snacks are often offered for nonnutritive reasons by mothers, and that personal variation in the reward sensitivity and appetitive tastes may make some children more susceptible to dietary excess of sugars from snacks. This proposed research will be the first randomized controlled trial to determine whether sweet preferences can be downshifted in preschoolers by a 4-month exposure to daily snacks containing reduced levels of added sugars and sweetness (intervention group) compared to a similarly aged control group whose daily snacks will be more than twofold higher in total sugar and fivefold higher in added sugar (Specific Aim 1). We will also determine whether the impact of the intervention generalizes to other foods as reflected by greater liking and intake of novel low-sugar snacks in the laboratory and by lower free- living intake of added sugars, validated by biomarkers of cane and corn sugar, the two predominant added sugars in the US food supply (Specific Aim 2). We will further examine whether inter-individual variation in taste genotype, appetitive regulation traits, and reward sensitivity determines whether certain children are less successful in shifting preference than others (Specific Aim 3). The Secondary Aim will explore the trickle-down effects of the intervention on mothers by examining the extent to which their sweet preferences are affected by feeding their children snacks with lower levels of sugar and sweetness. To accomplish our goals, we have assembled a multi-institutional, interdisciplinary team of investigators, each of whom brings unique and necessary expertise in human taste perception and genetics, child appetite regulation, biomarkers, pediatric dentistry, and statistical methods. Findings will provide new insight on family-based, personalized approaches for increasing young children’s liking of foods lower in added sugar and sweetness. This research will serve the long-term goals of establishing evidenced-based strategies to reduce children’s consumption of added sugar and promoting healthy snacking behaviors.

项目总结和摘要 世界卫生组织呼吁所有国家减少儿童的糖摄入量， 有确凿的证据表明，限制游离（添加）糖的摄入量可以降低肥胖、蛀牙等疾病的风险。 心脏病在美国，学龄前儿童通常在吃零食的情况下， 每天大约13茶匙的添加糖，是美国心脏协会的两倍多。 推荐给孩子们。以证据为基础的战略，以有效减少添加糖的摄入量， 喜爱含较少添加糖的饮料和食物显然是公众健康的优先事项。 我们提出的随机对照试验建立在我们之前NIH赞助的研究基础上， 早期生活中偏好的可塑性以及反复接触对 改变偏好我们已经确定，儿童天生对甜味有更高的偏好， 母亲们经常出于非营养的原因提供含糖零食， 奖赏敏感性和食欲可能使一些儿童更容易受到饮食过量的影响， 零食里的糖这项研究将是第一个随机对照试验，以确定 是否可以通过4个月的日常零食暴露来降低学龄前儿童对甜食的偏好 含有减少水平的添加糖和甜味（干预组）相比， 对照组，其每日零食的总糖含量将高出两倍以上， 糖（具体目标1）。我们还将确定干预的影响是否普遍适用于其他国家。 食物，如在实验室中更喜欢和摄入新的低糖零食，以及更低的游离- 添加糖的生活摄入量，由甘蔗和玉米糖的生物标志物验证，这两种主要的添加糖 美国食品供应中的糖（具体目标2）。我们将进一步研究个体间的差异是否 味觉基因型、食欲调节特征和奖励敏感性决定了某些儿童是否 在转移偏好方面不如其他人成功（具体目标3）。第二个目标将探索 通过检查母亲对甜食的偏好程度， 给他们的孩子吃低糖和低甜的零食会影响他们的健康。 为了实现我们的目标，我们组建了一个多机构，跨学科的调查团队， 他们每个人都带来了人类味觉和遗传学方面独特而必要的专业知识， 食欲调节，生物标志物，儿科牙科和统计方法。调查结果将提供新的见解 以家庭为基础的个性化方法，以增加幼儿对低添加量食物的喜爱， 糖和甜味。这项研究将服务于建立基于证据的长期目标。 减少儿童食用添加糖和促进健康零食行为的策略。