ADOLESCENT DIET, HORMONES AND BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY (DISC 06)

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This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) was a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effect of a reduced fat dietary intervention during puberty on serum sex hormones in girls who were healthy 8-10 year olds at randomization. After five years of participation, girls in the intervention group had significantly 30% lower estradiol and non-SHBG bound estradiol, 21% lower estrone, and 29% lower estrone sulfate levels during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles compared to girls in the usual care group. After seven years, differences in estrogens were no longer apparent, but girls in the intervention group had significantly, 53%, lower luteal phase progesterone levels compared to girls in the usual care group. These findings suggest that the DISC intervention altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Although it is currently unknown whether these changes will ultimately influence participants' risk of developing breast cancer as adults, estradiol and progesterone are both breast mitogens that regulate breast development during puberty. Although its prevalence increases with increasing age, some data suggest that the metabolic syndrome may have its roots in childhood and adolescence as well. Metabolic syndrome is associated with development of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes and may be related to risk of breast cancer. Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to obesity, and diet likely plays a role in its etiology. These investigators will evaluate in DISC participants, who are now in their twenties, the effect of the DISC intervention during puberty on biomarkers associated with breast cancer risk including serum hormone levels, breast density, and bone mineral density. This study will greatly improve understanding of breast development and possibly the origins of breast cancer and the metabolic syndrome.