Healthy Leadership for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

项目描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是开发一种基于电子（互联网）的管理工具，以促进健康促进计划在工作场所的实施，并降低管理人员和员工患心血管疾病的风险。工作场所管理者和高管可以通过三种积极的影响途径为组织节省大量医疗费用：(1)他们可以提供支持性监督和积极的领导，这是工作环境中已知的健康保护因素；(2)为同事树立心脏健康生活方式的榜样（榜样作用）；(3)经理和主管决定员工是否接受健康促进计划。互联网项目的目的是在这些影响途径中促进积极的变化。为了吸引管理人员，该计划将健康信息整合到与业务相关的领导力发展计划中。课程内容将借鉴健康的生活方式与领导者中已知的行为风险（压力、社会孤立、权力动机）之间的经验关系。互动练习将以专家意见为特色，并将领导技巧与识别/解决心血管疾病（CVD）心理社会风险的工具相结合。作为将领导力与健康促进相结合的一部分，该方案包括一系列关于压力、饮食、营养和积极生活方式的电子健康模块，可供管理人员使用，也可供管理人员提供给员工。在第一阶段，开发了一个原型网站并进行了试点测试。主管和经理们接受了采访，并提供了互联网接入和评估工具，以评估该计划的潜在用途。良好的评级和广泛的评估数据为第二阶段的项目开发提供了基础，该项目旨在培训领导者自我评估风险，选择健康项目，并利用战略向工人传播类似的项目。第二阶段的研究试验需要随机分配来自五个不同组织（代表不同行业）的150名高级管理人员接受该计划或不接受培训的控制条件。测试前和随访措施将评估心血管疾病生物特征（如BMI）、健康行为、领导风格（人际关系有效性）和压力变化的结果。一个主要成果是管理者对自己和工作人员的电子保健模块的兴趣和利用。研究设计将包括对接受干预的200名经理的员工进行测试前和测试后的调查。对员工的结果测量将评估干预对员工健康、压力和心血管疾病风险的间接影响。因此，该研究将评估干预对管理人员的直接影响（改善支持性领导和健康）以及对工人的间接影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of the project is to develop an electronically-based (Internet) management tool that facilitates delivery of health promotion programs to workplaces and reduces manager and employee risks for cardiovascular disease. Workplace managers and executives can present significant medical savings to an organization through three positive paths of influence: (1) they can provide supportive supervision and positive leadership, a known health protective factor in the work environment; (2) they can model heart healthy life-styles to associates (role modeling); and (3) managers and executives make decisions about whether employees will receive health promotion programs. The Internet program will be designed to enhance positive changes within each of these paths of influence. To appeal to executives, the program integrates and aligns health messages within a business-relevant leadership development program. Program content will draw on the empirical relationship between healthy life-style and known behavioral risks in leaders (stress, social isolation, power motivation). Interactive exercises will feature expert opinions and integrate leadership tips with tools for recognizing/addressing psycho-social risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As part of the integration of leadership with health promotion, the program includes a series of e-health modules on stress, diet, nutrition, and active lifestyle that can be used by managers and that managers can provide to workers. A prototype web-site was developed and pilot-tested in Phase I. Executives and managers were interviewed, and provided Internet access along with evaluation instruments to assess potential usefulness of the program. Favorable ratings and extensive evaluation data provide the basis for Phase 2 development of a program designed to train leaders to self-assess risks, select health programs, and utilize strategies to disseminate similar programs for workers. The Phase II research trial entails randomly assigning 150 senior managers within five different organizations (representing different industries) to receive the program or a no-training control condition. Pre-test and follow-up measures will assess outcomes of changes in CVD biometrics (e.g., BMI), health behavior, leadership style (interpersonal effectiveness) and stress. A primary outcome is manager interest and utilization of the e-health modules for themselves and workers. The research design will include a pretest posttest survey of 200 employees of some managers who receive the intervention. Outcome measures for employees will assess the indirect impact of the intervention on employee health, stress, and CVD risk. Accordingly, the study will assess both the direct effect of the intervention on managers (improvements in supportive leadership and health) as well as the indirect effect on workers.