Neighborhood Environments and Disparities in Obesity Rates in New York City

纽约市的社区环境和肥胖率差异

• 批准号: 7652561
• 负责人: Andrew G Rundle
• 金额: $ 56.53万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7652561
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; African American; Age; Automobiles; Body Size; Body Weight; Body mass index; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Characteristics; Cities; Code; Collaborations; Community Health; Consumption; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Development; Diet; Digit structure; Economics; Education; Environment; Esthetics; Ethnic Origin; Food; Food Services; Fruit; Funding; Gender; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Health; Health Club; Health Surveys; Height; Hispanics; Home environment; Incidence; Income; Individual; Interview; Licensing; Life Style; Literature; Living Wills; Location; Low income; Marketing; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neighborhoods; New York; New York City; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Pattern; Physical activity; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Race; Recreation; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Respondent; Restaurants; Risk Factors; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Series; Services; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Status; Sports; Supermarket; Surveys; Telephone; Testing; Time; United States; Universities; Variant; Walking; Weight; Work; base; density; design; farmer; fast food; fruits and vegetables; good diet; land use; low socioeconomic status; multilevel analysis; pedestrian injury; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; residence; sedentary; simulation; social capital; socioeconomics; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will determine whether racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor diet in New York City are explained by disparities in neighborhood resources that support physical activity (e.g. gyms, parks, pleasant walking environments) and healthy diets (e.g. grocery stores, fruit markets, healthy food restaurants) across neighborhoods in New York. Obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and poor diets are major risk factors for the development of type 2 Diabetes and in New York City these risk factors are far more common among African Americans, Hispanics and those of lower socio-economic status. Prior research in New York City shows that neighborhood characteristics such as urban design features and neighborhood socioeconomic status predict body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the availability of grocery stores, fruit markets, fast food restaurants, gyms and health clubs, vary by neighborhood in New York City, with minority and poorer neighborhoods having fewer positive resources. The proposed research is a collaboration between Columbia University and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH). Interview data on demographic characteristics, physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables and height and weight (used to calculate BMI) from ~45,000 New Yorkers will be combined with a geographic information system (GIS) based model of the characteristics of New York City neighborhoods. The interview data and zip code of residence were collected as part of five annual citywide random digit dial interviews conducted by NYCDOHMH that occurred from 2002 to 2006, and the sample is representative of the city and its neighborhoods. The GIS model is being built as part of ongoing research on neighborhood effects and is the most comprehensive model of neighborhood resources in New York City built to date. The NYCDOHMH will contribute additional data on restaurant locations from the food service licensing database, locations of pedestrian injuries from automobiles, and neighborhood social capital from their neighborhood surveys. Neighborhoods will be defined using zip codes, and prior research has shown that variation in built and social environment variables at this level are strongly predictive of BMI. Multilevel models will be used to determine the extent to which neighborhood characteristics account for racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in BMI, physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables across zip codes in New York City. In addition to analyzing the effects of race/ethnicity and socio-economic status the analyses will control for age, gender and U.S. or foreign born status, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the zip code of residence. This research will contribute to NIDDK's goal of understanding the underlying causes of disparities in the distribution of known risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the analyses will be used to guide New York City's ongoing long term planning process for using urban design to promote public health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will determine whether racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor diet in New York City are explained by disparities in home neighborhood resources that support physical activity (e.g. gyms, parks, pleasant walking environments) and healthy diets (e.g. grocery stores, fruit markets, healthy food restaurants) across neighborhoods in New York.

描述（申请人提供）：该项目将确定纽约市肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和不良饮食流行率方面的种族/民族和社会经济差异是否可以通过支持纽约各社区体育活动（例如健身房、公园、舒适的步行环境）和健康饮食（例如杂货店、水果市场、健康食品餐馆）的社区资源差异来解释。肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和不良饮食是2型糖尿病发展的主要危险因素，在纽约市，这些危险因素在非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人和社会经济地位较低的人中更为常见。之前在纽约市的研究表明，社区特征，如城市设计特征和社区社会经济地位预测身体质量指数（BMI）。此外，杂货店、水果市场、快餐店、健身房和健身俱乐部的可用性在纽约市的各个社区都有所不同，少数族裔和较贫穷的社区拥有的积极资源较少。这项拟议中的研究是哥伦比亚大学和纽约市健康和心理卫生部（NYCDOHMH）之间的合作。将对约45，000名纽约人的人口统计学特征、身体活动、水果和蔬菜消费以及身高和体重（用于计算BMI）的访谈数据与基于地理信息系统（GIS）的纽约市社区特征模型相结合。访谈数据和居住地的邮政编码是作为NYCDOHMH从2002年到2006年进行的五次年度全市范围的随机数字拨号访谈的一部分收集的，样本代表了城市及其社区。这个地理信息系统模型是正在进行的邻里效应研究的一部分，是迄今为止纽约市建立的最全面的邻里资源模型。NYCDOHMH将从食品服务许可数据库中提供有关餐馆位置的额外数据，汽车行人受伤的位置以及社区调查中的社区社会资本。社区将使用邮政编码来定义，先前的研究表明，在这个水平上，建筑和社会环境变量的变化对BMI有很强的预测作用。将使用多水平模型来确定社区特征在多大程度上解释了纽约市各邮政编码的BMI、身体活动和水果蔬菜消费的种族/民族和社会经济差异。除了分析种族/民族和社会经济地位的影响外，分析还将控制年龄、性别和美国或外国出生的身份，以及居住地邮政编码的社会人口统计学特征。这项研究将有助于NIDDK的目标，即了解2型糖尿病已知危险因素分布差异的根本原因。此外，这些分析将用于指导纽约市正在进行的利用城市设计促进公共健康的长期规划过程。 公共卫生关系：该项目将确定纽约市肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和不良饮食流行率方面的种族/民族和社会经济差异是否可以通过支持纽约各社区体育活动（例如健身房、公园、舒适的步行环境）和健康饮食（例如杂货店、水果市场、健康食品餐馆）的家庭社区资源的差异来解释。