Neighborhood Environments and Disparities in Obesity Rates in New York City

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目将确定纽约市肥胖、久坐的生活方式和不良饮食盛行的种族/民族和社会经济差异是否可以通过支持纽约各个社区的身体活动(如健身房、公园、舒适的步行环境)和健康饮食(如杂货店、水果市场、健康食品店)的社区资源差异来解释。肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和糟糕的饮食是患2型糖尿病的主要风险因素，在纽约市，这些风险因素在非裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人和社会经济地位较低的人中更为常见。纽约市先前的研究表明，社区特征，如城市设计特征和社区社会经济状况，可以预测身体质量指数(BMI)。此外，在纽约市，杂货店、水果市场、快餐店、健身房和健身俱乐部的可获得性因社区而异，少数族裔和贫困社区的积极资源较少。这项拟议的研究是哥伦比亚大学和纽约市健康和精神卫生部门(NYCDOHMH)合作的。来自约45,000名纽约人的人口统计特征、体力活动、水果和蔬菜消费量以及身高和体重(用于计算BMI)的采访数据将与基于地理信息系统(GIS)的纽约市社区特征模型结合起来。访谈数据和居住的邮政编码是NYCDOHMH在2002年至2006年进行的五次年度全市随机数字拨号采访的一部分，样本代表了该市及其社区。作为正在进行的社区影响研究的一部分，正在建立的地理信息系统模型是迄今为止纽约市建立的最全面的社区资源模型。NYCDOHMH将从餐饮服务许可数据库中提供更多关于餐厅位置的数据，从汽车行人受伤的位置，以及从社区调查中获得社区社会资本。社区将使用邮政编码来定义，先前的研究表明，在这个水平上，建筑和社会环境变量的变化对BMI有很强的预测作用。多水平模型将被用来确定社区特征在多大程度上解释了纽约市不同邮政编码的BMI、体力活动和水果蔬菜消费方面的种族/民族和社会经济差异。除了分析种族/族裔和社会经济地位的影响外，分析还将控制年龄、性别和美国或外国出生身份，以及居住邮政编码的社会人口特征。这项研究将有助于NIDDK的目标，即了解2型糖尿病已知危险因素分布差异的根本原因。此外，这些分析将被用来指导纽约市正在进行的利用城市设计促进公共健康的长期规划过程。公共卫生相关性：该项目将确定纽约市肥胖、久坐的生活方式和不良饮食盛行的种族/民族和社会经济差异是否可以通过支持纽约各社区的身体活动(例如健身房、公园、舒适的步行环境)和健康饮食(例如杂货店、水果市场、健康食肆)的家庭社区资源的差异来解释。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will determine whether racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor diet in New York City are explained by disparities in neighborhood resources that support physical activity (e.g. gyms, parks, pleasant walking environments) and healthy diets (e.g. grocery stores, fruit markets, healthy food restaurants) across neighborhoods in New York. Obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and poor diets are major risk factors for the development of type 2 Diabetes and in New York City these risk factors are far more common among African Americans, Hispanics and those of lower socio-economic status. Prior research in New York City shows that neighborhood characteristics such as urban design features and neighborhood socioeconomic status predict body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the availability of grocery stores, fruit markets, fast food restaurants, gyms and health clubs, vary by neighborhood in New York City, with minority and poorer neighborhoods having fewer positive resources. The proposed research is a collaboration between Columbia University and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH). Interview data on demographic characteristics, physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables and height and weight (used to calculate BMI) from ~45,000 New Yorkers will be combined with a geographic information system (GIS) based model of the characteristics of New York City neighborhoods. The interview data and zip code of residence were collected as part of five annual citywide random digit dial interviews conducted by NYCDOHMH that occurred from 2002 to 2006, and the sample is representative of the city and its neighborhoods. The GIS model is being built as part of ongoing research on neighborhood effects and is the most comprehensive model of neighborhood resources in New York City built to date. The NYCDOHMH will contribute additional data on restaurant locations from the food service licensing database, locations of pedestrian injuries from automobiles, and neighborhood social capital from their neighborhood surveys. Neighborhoods will be defined using zip codes, and prior research has shown that variation in built and social environment variables at this level are strongly predictive of BMI. Multilevel models will be used to determine the extent to which neighborhood characteristics account for racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in BMI, physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables across zip codes in New York City. In addition to analyzing the effects of race/ethnicity and socio-economic status the analyses will control for age, gender and U.S. or foreign born status, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the zip code of residence. This research will contribute to NIDDK's goal of understanding the underlying causes of disparities in the distribution of known risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the analyses will be used to guide New York City's ongoing long term planning process for using urban design to promote public health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will determine whether racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor diet in New York City are explained by disparities in home neighborhood resources that support physical activity (e.g. gyms, parks, pleasant walking environments) and healthy diets (e.g. grocery stores, fruit markets, healthy food restaurants) across neighborhoods in New York.