Using Google Streetview to Measure Neighborhood Characteristics

使用谷歌街景来衡量社区特征

• 批准号: 7771224
• 负责人: Andrew G Rundle
• 金额: $ 24.79万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7771224
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Birth; Buffers; Censuses; Characteristics; Chicago; Child; Child health care; Cities; Code; Cohort Studies; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disease; Economics; Environment; Equipment and supply inventories; Face; Family; Family Relationship; Future; Goals; Health; Housing; Human Development; Income; Link; Locales; Los Angeles; Manuals; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Minnesota; Monitor; Municipalities; National Children' s Study; Neighborhoods; New York City; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Prevalence; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Radial; Research; Resources; Role; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Scanning; Scheme; Shapes; Site; Social Conditions; Social Sciences; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Training; Validity and Reliability; Work; administrative database; cohesion; cost; cost effectiveness; design; field study; health disparity; instrument; interest; land use; new technology; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; social; socioeconomics; sociologist; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Racial, ethnic, and economic characteristics of neighborhoods have long been viewed by sociologists as determinants of socioeconomic attainment and social outcomes (most notably, crime and delinquency). More recently, interest has shifted to the role of neighborhood environments in shaping health and health disparities, following mounting evidence that poor health outcomes tend to cluster spatially. While social attributes of neighborhoods, such as social cohesion, collective efficacy, and demographic composition, can be measured using survey questions or existing censuses, measuring physical aspects of neighborhoods, including physical disorder and the built environment, usually require some form of systematic field observation. The high costs and logistical constraints of sending field observers to neighborhoods have greatly limited the inclusion of measures of neighborhood physical characteristics in analyses of health, with most such studies focusing on single cities and often on selected neighborhoods within cities. The proposed research will assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of using new technology, freely available online via Google, to measure neighborhood physical disorder and built environment at a fraction of the cost of field studies. Specifically, we will develop procedures for using Google Earth and Google Street View to measure neighborhood physical disorder and the built environment, and evaluate the validity, reliability, cost- effectiveness, and psychometric properties of these procedures. Furthermore, we will assess the efficiency of alternative neighborhood spatial scales and block face sampling strategies within the Google Street View and Earth frameworks. The methodology we propose to develop has the potential to transform the way neighborhood data are collected, allowing the linkage of contextual data to local and national studies very inexpensively and creating unparalleled public resources for studying contextual influences on health and well-being. It will be particularly useful for large-sample, multi-site studies such as the new National Children's Study. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of using new technology, freely available online via Google, to measure neighborhood physical disorder and built environment at a fraction of the cost of field studies. The methodology we propose to develop has the potential to transform the way neighborhood data are collected, allowing the linkage of contextual data to local and national studies very inexpensively and creating unparalleled public resources for studying contextual influences on health and well- being.

描述（由申请人提供）：长期以来，社会学家一直将社区的种族、民族和经济特征视为社会经济成就和社会结果（最明显的是犯罪和犯罪）的决定因素。最近，随着越来越多的证据表明，不良健康结果往往在空间上聚集，人们的兴趣已转移到社区环境在形成健康和健康差异方面的作用。虽然社区的社会属性，如社会凝聚力、集体效能和人口构成，可以通过调查问题或现有的人口普查来衡量，但衡量社区的物理方面，包括物理障碍和建筑环境，通常需要某种形式的系统实地观察。派遣实地观察员到社区的高昂费用和后勤方面的限制，极大地限制了在健康分析中纳入社区物理特征措施，大多数这类研究侧重于单个城市，往往是城市内选定的社区。拟议的研究将评估使用新技术的可行性、可靠性和有效性，该技术通过谷歌免费在线提供，以一小部分实地研究成本来测量社区物理障碍和建筑环境。具体来说，我们将开发使用谷歌地球和谷歌街景来测量社区物理障碍和建筑环境的程序，并评估这些程序的有效性、可靠性、成本效益和心理测量特性。此外，我们将在谷歌街景和地球框架内评估替代邻域空间尺度和块面采样策略的效率。我们建议开发的方法有可能改变社区数据的收集方式，允许以非常低的成本将背景数据与地方和国家研究联系起来，并为研究环境对健康和福祉的影响创造无与伦比的公共资源。它对于大样本、多地点的研究尤其有用，比如新的国家儿童研究。