Obesity, Physical Activity and Built Space in New York City

本研究旨在探讨纽约市居民的建筑环境特征对体型、体力活动和饮食的影响。我们将使用来自三个大型人类健康研究的数据。第一个数据集将来自1000名黑人和西班牙裔儿童，他们参加了先导性教育家庭的前瞻性队列研究。我们将从所有孩子那里获得完整的人口统计数据，以及母亲关于孩子身高、体重和身体活动的报告。500名儿童的皮肤厚度、身体质量指数（BMI）和6天的身体活动监测数据将被获取。数据将在基线和两次年度随访中获得。第二组数据来自18000名成年纽约人我们将从他们那里获得人口统计数据和客观测量的BMI。第三组将来自2400名健康的黑人和高加索人。从这些女性身上我们可以得到人口统计数据，

We propose to investigate the impact of the built environment characteristics on body size, physical activity and diet in residents of New York City (NYC). We will use data from three large human health studies. The first data set will be from 1000 Black and Hispanic children enrolled in prospective cohort study of Head Start families. From all of the children we will have complete demographic data, and mother's reports on the height and weight and physical activity of the child. From 500 of the children data will be available on skin fold thickness, body mass index (BMI) and 6 days of physical activity monitoring. Data will be available at baseline and from two annual follow-ups of the cohort. The second data set will be from 18,000 adult New Yorkers from whom we will have demographic data and objectively measured BMI. The third will be from 2,400 healthy Black and Caucasian. From these women we will have demographic data, questionniare data on diet and physical activity and objective measures of BMI, waist and hip circumference and body fat by bio-impedence. From all of these subjects we will have a home address which we will geocode into a CIS model of New York City. Multi-level modeling approaches will be used to determine whether neighborhoods characterisitcs (for example; land use, street design, availability and quality of parks and retail food stores, zoning, public transport, farmers markets) predict body size, physical activity and diet. Because of the very large immigrant population in NYC we will conduct qualitative research on how acculturation to the built environment of NYC impacts body size. Prior work suggests that acculturation to main stream American norms leads to weight increases in immigrants and their children. We do not see this effect in our data and propose that NYC is not "main stream America". We propose to conduct qualitative research on Hispanic mothers and children in the Head Start study and investigate how they relate to the built environment of NYC. Our goal is to develop a new measure of acculturation that includes adaption to the built environment of NYC and will be useful in studies of obesity. The quantitative research will also be used to develop new GIS based measures of aspects of the City that are important to the mothers. This research on the phsyical environment and adaption to it, will identify strategies for building and organizing communites that increase physical activity, improve diets and reduce obesity.