PHYSIOLOGICAL/BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF SOCIAL INTRO ON ADULT MALE RHESUS MACAQUES

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 背景：实验室猕猴的配对住所被广泛认为会带来积极的福祉变化，但引入过程被认为是潜在的压力和风险倾向。方法：收集8只成年雄性恒河猴引种前、引种过程中和引种后的行为和生理数据，以测量引种的初始应激和长期幸福感的变化。有社会经验的受试者，都植入了生物遥测设备，分五个连续的阶段进行研究：基线(单独居住)，保护性接触和完全接触介绍各一天，介绍后(介绍后1-3周)，稳定配对(介绍后20周)。对176 h的行为数据和672 h的心率数据进行分析。还测量了基线、引入后和稳定配对时的粪便皮质醇。结果：所有介绍都是成功的，受试者没有表现出应激的生理或行为迹象，如心率增加、异常行为或痛苦的心理指数(抑郁/焦虑相关行为)。在整个介绍过程中和随后的几个月中，疼痛是最小的；在研究过程中只有一个伤口。异常行为水平、痛苦、运动、静止和从属关系的心理指数在引入后几周内有所改善；后两类患者在5-9个月后仍存在这些变化。在固定配对阶段，引入期间的心率显著下降，而且也可以预见到随着一天中的时间而变化。定居对中的粪便皮质醇水平低于单独居住的中。事实上，异常行为的减少并不是长期持续的，这可能是因为被关在笼子里的时间增加了。结论：本研究结果可能对设计和监测社会介绍有实际意义，并建议管理者不应忽视成年雄性猕猴成功配对的可行性。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Background: Pair housing of laboratory macaques is widely considered to lead to positive changes in wellbeing, yet the process of introduction is viewed as potentially stressful and risk-prone. Methods: Behavioral and physiological data were collected on eight adult male rhesus macaques before, during, and after the process of introduction, in order to measure the initial stress of introduction as well as long-term changes in wellbeing. Socially experienced subjects, all implanted with biotelemetry devices, were studied in five successive phases: baseline (singly housed), one day each of protected contact and full contact introduction, post-introduction (1-3 weeks after introduction), and settled pairs (e20 weeks after introduction). 176 h of behavioral data and 672 h of heart rate data were analyzed. Fecal cortisol was also measured for the baseline, post-introduction and settled pair phases. Results: All introductions were successful and subjects showed no physiological or behavioral signs of stress, such as increased heart rate, abnormal behavior, or psychological indices of distress (depressive/anxiety-related behavior). Agonism was minimal throughout the introduction process and over subsequent months; only one wound was incurred over the course of the study. Levels of abnormal behaviors, psychological indices of distress, locomotion, inactivity, and affiliation showed improvements within several weeks after introduction; these changes were still present 5-9 months later for the latter two categories. Heart rates during introduction fell significantly in the settled pair phase, and also varied predictably with time of day. Fecal cortisol levels were lower in settled pairs than in single housing. The fact that reductions in abnormal behavior did not persist over long-term may have been confounded by increasing duration of time spent caged. Conclusion: The results of this study may be of practical use for designing and monitoring social introductions and suggest that managers should not dismiss the feasibility of successful pairing of adult male rhesus macaques.