NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS

眼球扫视运动的神经基质

• 批准号: 7716358
• 负责人: ALBERT Frederick FUCHS
• 金额: $ 17.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7716358
• 关键词: Aging; Brain; Brain Stem; Cells; Cerebellar vermis structure; Characteristics; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Development; Fire - disasters; Funding; Grant; Injury; Institution; Lead; Life; Movement; Nature; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Numbers; Pathway interactions; Probability; Publishing; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rest; Saccades; Sampling; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; United States National Institutes of Health; base; relating to nervous system; response; size; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Saccadic eye movements remain accurate throughout life despite changes to the nervous system that occur during development, injury and aging. We study how and where in the brain the adaptation to the persistent errors in saccade accuracy produced by these situations occurs. First, we examined whether behaviorally-induced saccade adaptation influenced neuronal activity in the simian superior colliculus (SC), which relays cortical saccade signals to the brain stem saccade generator. Adaptation was associated with significant changes in the number of spikes in the burst and or the shape of the movement field of most neurons (81%). Changes in the number of spikes occurred gradually during adaptation and were the result of changes in burst lead and duration. Based on these and other published results, we speculate that the locus for saccade adaptation resides in the SC or that the SC is the final common pathway for adaptive changes that are occurring elsewhere. Second, we examined the nature of the possible error signal that might drive adaptation by examining the complex spike (CS) activity in Purkinje (P-)cells of the cerebellar vermis. We produced a saccade error by displacing the target as a saccade occurred toward it; the resulting error was eliminated ~200 ms later by a corrective saccade. In most P-cells, changes in CS firing probability occurred in the error interval between the primary and corrective saccade. The probability of CS occurrence depended on both error direction and amplitude. Across our sample, all error directions were represented; the majority had a horizontal component. Half of our P-cells responded to all error sizes (max. 9¿) in the preferred direction; the rest were tuned, on average, to error sizes between 1.5 and 3¿. CS responses disappeared when the target was extinguished during a saccade. These CS signals have characteristics appropriate to drive saccade adaptation.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 尽管神经系统在发育、损伤和衰老过程中发生变化，但眼球扫视运动在整个生命过程中仍然保持准确。我们研究大脑如何以及在何处发生对这些情况所产生的扫视准确性持续误差的适应。首先，我们检查了行为诱导的扫视适应是否影响了猿上丘（SC）的神经元活动，该神经元活动将皮质扫视信号传递给脑干扫视发生器。适应与大多数神经元的突发尖峰数量和/或运动场形状的显着变化相关（81%）。尖峰数量的变化在适应过程中逐渐发生，并且是爆发前导和持续时间变化的结果。根据这些和其他已发表的结果，我们推测眼跳适应的轨迹位于 SC，或者 SC 是其他地方发生的适应性变化的最终共同途径。其次，我们通过检查小脑蚓部浦肯野（P-）细胞中的复杂尖峰（CS）活动来检查可能驱动适应的错误信号的性质。当向目标发生扫视时，我们通过移动目标来产生扫视错误；约 200 毫秒后，通过纠正扫视消除了由此产生的错误。在大多数 P 细胞中，CS 放电概率的变化发生在初级扫视和校正扫视之间的误差间隔内。 CS 发生的概率取决于误差方向和幅度。在我们的样本中，所有错误方向都得到了体现；大多数都有横向成分。我们一半的 P 细胞对首选方向上的所有误差大小（最大 9¿）做出反应；其余的平均误差大小调整为 1.5 至 3¿当目标在扫视过程中消失时，CS 反应消失。这些 CS 信号具有适合驱动扫视适应的特性。