NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS

眼球扫视运动的神经基质

• 批准号: 7958838
• 负责人: ALBERT Frederick FUCHS
• 金额: $ 31.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7958838
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Address; Aging; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebellar cortex structure; Cerebellum; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Deception; Development; Elements; Eye; Frequencies; Funding; Grant; Injury; Institution; Learning; Life; Monkeys; Movement; Muscle; Output; Primates; Purkinje Cells; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Thinking; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; relating to nervous system; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Saccadic eye movements remain accurate throughout life despite the changes that occur in the brain during normal development, injury and aging. Here we examine whether this "saccade adaptation" involves the cerebellum. The output element of the cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cell, discharges two different action potentials: simple and complex spikes (CSs). It has been suggested that CSs report that a movement is in error and this increased activity modifies the frequency of simple spikes so that downstream they alter the signals that drive the eye muscles in a way that reduces the error. We deceive a normal monkey into thinking that its saccades are in error by jumping the target forward or backward as a saccade is launched toward it. The initial saccade undershoots or overshoots the target, respectively, and a second saccade occurs ~150 ms later to bring the eyes on target. During the time that an error exists between the initial and corrective saccade, CSs report the direction and magnitude of the error. If the deception is continued for hundreds of trials, saccades gradually increase or decrease their amplitudes, respectively, so saccades again are accurate. Does the change in CS activity actually drive this adaptation? To address this question, we stimulated in the superior colliculus, the source of the CS activity, to drive the putative adaptation signal artificially. When sub-threshold stimuli are delivered just after a saccade with the target extinguished, there are gradual changes in saccade amplitude, which are identical to those produced by the behavioral target jump paradigm. Moreover, changes in the timing and direction of the artificial error signal produce adaptations like those caused by similar manipulations in target jump paradigm. We suggest that CSs might drive not only saccade adaptation but other kinds of precisionmotor learning as well.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 尽管在正常发育、受伤和衰老过程中大脑会发生变化，但扫视眼球运动在整个生命过程中都保持准确。在这里，我们研究是否这种“扫视适应”涉及小脑。小脑皮质的输出元件，浦肯野细胞，释放两种不同的动作电位：简单和复杂的尖峰（CS）。有人认为，CSs会报告一个动作是错误的，这种增加的活动会改变简单尖峰的频率，从而改变下游驱动眼肌的信号，以减少错误。我们欺骗一只正常的猴子，让它认为自己的眼跳是错误的，方法是在眼跳向目标时向前或向后跳跃，第一次眼跳分别低于或超过目标，大约150 ms后发生第二次眼跳，使眼睛对准目标。在初始扫视和校正扫视之间存在误差的时间期间，CS报告误差的方向和幅度。如果欺骗持续数百次试验，扫视逐渐增加或减少其幅度，分别，所以扫视再次是准确的。CS活动的变化实际上驱动了这种适应吗？为了解决这个问题，我们刺激了上级丘，CS活动的来源，人为地驱动假定的适应信号。当阈下刺激在目标熄灭的扫视后立即传递时，扫视幅度会逐渐变化，这与行为目标跳跃范式所产生的幅度相同。此外，人工误差信号的定时和方向的变化产生适应，就像由目标跳跃范例中的类似操纵引起的那些适应。我们认为，CSs可能不仅驱动扫视适应，但其他种类的precisionmotor学习以及。