CRCNS Research Proposal: Collaborative Research: Neural Basis of Motor Expertise

一个篮球运动员怎么能可靠地把他的罚球投进篮下，但仍然偶尔错过， 在名义上相同的情况下虽然这些技能是运动技能的典范， 平凡的行动也需要惊人的灵巧。当我们端着满满一杯咖啡时， 这远远超出了通常在实验室中研究的技能。具体来说，当与物体交互时， - 任何工具使用的本质--成功的动作需要对交互力进行细粒度的控制， 已经超出了神经科学的范畴这项拟议中的研究检查了 通过将丰富的互动任务带入实验室，这两个PI联合收割机将其 在计算运动控制和神经生理学方面的长期经验， 在人类和非人类灵长类动物身上都是如此。在概念和计算重叠的基础上， 他们各自的研究，其中技能与高维中的低维结构相关 神经和行为冗余空间，他们将测试的整体假设，神经模式， 活动表现出行为的许多特征。两个目标将研究两个例子的电机 技能：投掷一个物体和运输一个具有内部动力学的物体，两者都是虚拟渲染的 环境.人类和灵长类动物的平行实验将产生丰富的行为数据， 与非人类灵长类动物大脑皮层内的记录相匹配。迄今为止，非人类 灵长类动物的研究需要动物进行几乎相同的重复简单的行为， 有助于分析神经活动。现代的多神经元记录技术使得 接受更复杂的现实世界行为，并解决运动的核心原则， 在人类运动控制中：高维度，冗余和始终存在的可变性。本研究 将开发一套计算工具，用于分析行为和神经数据， 相称的技术和复杂性。这项研究将是变革性的，因为它推动了 检查运动挑战，并从皮质内神经生理学中获得更接近理解的见解 人类运动的专业知识。这些科学见解将用于广泛的外联活动， 为公众带来更广泛的影响。 相关性（参见说明）： 中风等神经系统疾病患者在日常活动中面临挑战， 到他们的嘴里喝;这些行动基本上是互动工具的使用。这项研究旨在 深入了解在这种熟练的动作和互动过程中的神经激活， 与真实的生活相关的任务中的神经活动。从PI巴蒂斯塔的经验，神经修复和 脑机接口是直接临床应用，可能会受益于我们的发现和恢复

How can a basketball player reliably land his free throw in the basket, and yet still miss occasionally under nominally identical circumstances? While such skills are a paragon of motor expertise, even seemingly mundane actions also require surprising dexterity. When carrying a full cup of coffee, we exhibit motor skill that is far beyond what is typically studied in the laboratory. Specifically, when interacting with objects - the essence of any tool use -, successful actions require fine-grained control of interaction forces that have been beyond the purview of neuroscience to date. The proposed research examines the neural basis of motor expertise by bringing rich interactive tasks into the laboratory. The two PIs combine their long-standing experience in computational motor control and neurophysiology to study novel behavioral paradigms both in humans and non-human primates. Building on conceptual and computational overlap in their respective research, where skill is associated with low-dimensional structure in high-dimensional neural and behavioral redundant spaces, they will test the overall hypothesis that patterns of neural activity exhibit many of the characteristics of the behavior. Two aims will study two examples of motor skill: throwing an object and transporting an object with internal dynamics, both rendered in virtual environments. Parallel experiments in humans and primates will generate rich behavioral data that will be matched with intracortical recordings in the cerebral cortex of non-human primates. To date, non-human primate studies have necessitated that animals perform near-identical repetitions of simple behaviors to facilitate the analysis of neural activity. Now, modern multi-neuronal recording techniques make it possible to embrace more sophisticated real-world behaviors and address core principles of movement discovered in human motor control: high dimensionality, redundancy, and the ever-present variability. This research will develop a suite of computational tools that afford the analysis of behavioral and neural data with commensurate techniques and sophistication. This research will be transformative as it advances the motor challenges examined and brings insights from intracortical neurophysiology closer to understanding of human motor expertise. These scientific insights will channel into a large range of outreach activities to achieve broader impacts for the general public. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Patients with neurological disorders such as stroke face challenges in their daily activities, grasping a cup to bring to their mouths to drink; these actions are essentially interactive tool use. This research seeks insights into neural activation during such skilled actions and interactions to get closer to understand neural activity in tasks relevant in real life. Extending from PI Batista’s experience, neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces are direct clinical application that may benefit from our findings and recovery