Memory Formation in Motor Cortex

运动皮层的记忆形成

• 批准号: 10607176
• 负责人: Aaron Paul Batista
• 金额: $ 58.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607176
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Animals; Appearance; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Collaborations; Competence; Complement; Computers; Couples; Devices; Goals; Individual; Learning; Libraries; Life; Link; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Memory Loss; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Neurons; Paralysed; Pattern; Performance; Population; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Savings; Sensory; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Stroke; System; Therapeutic; Time; Work; arm movement; brain computer interface; clinically relevant; dexterity; experience; experimental study; flexibility; improved; insight; interest; learned behavior; motor control; motor learning; neural patterning; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; restoration; skills; stroke recovery; theories; tool

Project Summary: Memory Formation in Motor Cortex Memories both impart identity and provide competence in our daily activities. Our motor memories are crucial for interacting with the world around us: The loss of dexterity can be a particularly debilitating consequence of stroke. Despite their importance, we still know very little about how the brain forms and stores the memories of our motor abilities. This research project endeavors to understand the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in the inception and retention of motor memories. Since it is the organized activity of populations of neurons that control our movements, we seek signatures of memories in how neural populations change their activity after a learning experience. We adopt a powerful tool for studying learning in the motor cortex – brain computer interfaces (BCIs). In a BCI, the user generates patterns of neural activity which drive the movement of an external device, such as a cursor on a computer screen. Decades of prior research have demonstrated the validity of BCIs as a tool to study learning in the motor system, and here we leverage that prior research to study motor memories. Our three Specific Aims address different aspects of motor memories: First, we examine the link between signatures of a memory in M1 population activity and improved behavioral performance following learning. Second, we examine how learning something new is influenced by the memory of a previous learning experience, and conversely, how new learning can impact the neural encoding of an existing motor memory. Third, we examine the consolidation of motor memories, to see what changes in the days after a learning experience. Our BCI paradigm offers powerful advantages for exploring these questions. This is because a BCI directly couples neural population activity to a behavior. This direct causal relationship makes it possible to see the appearance of a motor memory that is specific to and appropriate for the behavior that has been learned, and to track it over time. Also, because we use BCI systems in our basic-science studies, our findings have direct clinical relevance for the ongoing effort to improve BCIs so that they can restore dexterous and flexible motor control to individuals with paralysis.

项目概要：运动皮层的记忆形成 记忆在我们的日常活动中既赋予身份，又提供能力。我们的运动记忆 对于与我们周围的世界互动至关重要：失去灵活性可能是一个特别令人衰弱的 中风的后果。尽管它们很重要，但我们对大脑是如何形成的知之甚少， 储存了我们运动能力的记忆本研究项目旨在了解 初级运动皮层（M1）在运动记忆的开始和保持中的作用。既然是有组织的 当控制我们运动的神经元群体的活动时，我们寻找记忆的特征， 神经群在学习经历之后改变它们的活动。我们采用了一个强大的工具， 研究运动皮层的学习--脑机接口。在BCI中，用户生成 驱动外部设备移动的神经活动模式，例如 电脑屏幕几十年的前期研究已经证明了BCI作为研究工具的有效性 在运动系统中学习，这里我们利用先前的研究来研究运动记忆。我们 三个具体的目标解决运动记忆的不同方面：首先，我们研究之间的联系， M1群体活动中的记忆特征和以下改善的行为表现 学习其次，我们研究了学习新事物是如何受到先前记忆的影响的。 学习经验，以及相反，新的学习如何影响现有的神经编码 运动记忆第三，我们检查运动记忆的巩固，看看在运动记忆中有什么变化。 学习经验后的几天我们的BCI范式为探索这些问题提供了强大的优势。 问题.这是因为BCI直接将神经群体活动与行为耦合。这种直接 因果关系使我们有可能看到运动记忆的出现， 适合于已经学会的行为，并随着时间的推移跟踪它。此外，因为我们使用BCI 系统在我们的基础科学研究，我们的研究结果有直接的临床相关性的正在进行的努力， 改善脑机接口，使他们能够恢复灵巧和灵活的运动控制瘫痪的个人。