Memory Formation in Motor Cortex

运动皮层的记忆形成

• 批准号: 10607176
• 负责人: Aaron Paul Batista
• 金额: $ 58.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607176
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Animals; Appearance; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Collaborations; Competence; Complement; Computers; Couples; Devices; Goals; Individual; Learning; Libraries; Life; Link; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Memory Loss; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Neurons; Paralysed; Pattern; Performance; Population; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Savings; Sensory; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Stroke; System; Therapeutic; Time; Work; arm movement; brain computer interface; clinically relevant; dexterity; experience; experimental study; flexibility; improved; insight; interest; learned behavior; motor control; motor learning; neural patterning; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; restoration; skills; stroke recovery; theories; tool

Project Summary: Memory Formation in Motor Cortex Memories both impart identity and provide competence in our daily activities. Our motor memories are crucial for interacting with the world around us: The loss of dexterity can be a particularly debilitating consequence of stroke. Despite their importance, we still know very little about how the brain forms and stores the memories of our motor abilities. This research project endeavors to understand the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in the inception and retention of motor memories. Since it is the organized activity of populations of neurons that control our movements, we seek signatures of memories in how neural populations change their activity after a learning experience. We adopt a powerful tool for studying learning in the motor cortex – brain computer interfaces (BCIs). In a BCI, the user generates patterns of neural activity which drive the movement of an external device, such as a cursor on a computer screen. Decades of prior research have demonstrated the validity of BCIs as a tool to study learning in the motor system, and here we leverage that prior research to study motor memories. Our three Specific Aims address different aspects of motor memories: First, we examine the link between signatures of a memory in M1 population activity and improved behavioral performance following learning. Second, we examine how learning something new is influenced by the memory of a previous learning experience, and conversely, how new learning can impact the neural encoding of an existing motor memory. Third, we examine the consolidation of motor memories, to see what changes in the days after a learning experience. Our BCI paradigm offers powerful advantages for exploring these questions. This is because a BCI directly couples neural population activity to a behavior. This direct causal relationship makes it possible to see the appearance of a motor memory that is specific to and appropriate for the behavior that has been learned, and to track it over time. Also, because we use BCI systems in our basic-science studies, our findings have direct clinical relevance for the ongoing effort to improve BCIs so that they can restore dexterous and flexible motor control to individuals with paralysis.

项目摘要：运动皮层中的内存形成 回忆既具有身份，又赋予我们日常活动的能力。我们的电机记忆是 与我们周围世界互动的关键：失去敏捷可能是一个特别令人衰弱的 中风的后果。尽管它们的重要性，但我们仍然对大脑以及 存储我们电机能力的记忆。这项研究项目努力了解 电机记忆的成立和保留中的一级运动皮层（M1）。因为这是有组织的 控制我们运动的神经元种群的活动，我们寻求记忆的签名 在学习经历后，神经人群改变了他们的活动。我们采用强大的工具 在运动皮层中学习学习 - 大脑计算机界面（BCIS）。在BCI中，用户生成 驱动外部装置运动的神经元活动的模式，例如光标 计算机屏幕。数十年的事先研究证明了BCI作为研究的工具的有效性 在运动系统中学习，在这里我们利用先前的研究来研究运动记忆。我们的 三个特定目的涉及电机记忆的不同方面：首先，我们检查 M1人口活动中记忆的签名和行为绩效的改善之后 学习。其次，我们检查学习新事物的学习如何受到以前的记忆的影响 学习经验，相反，新学习如何影响现有的神经编码 电动机记忆。第三，我们检查了电机记忆的合并，以查看 学习经验后的几天。我们的BCI范式为探索这些范式提供了强大的优势 问题。这是因为BCI将神经种群活动直接融合到行为。这个直接 因果关系使您可以看到特定于和 适合已学习的行为，并随着时间的流逝进行跟踪。另外，因为我们使用BCI 在我们的基本科学研究中，我们的发现在持续的努力方面具有直接的临床意义 改善BCIS，以便它们可以恢复瘫痪者的灵活和柔性运动控制。