Effect of congenital vs acquired somatosensory deafferentation on self-body schema

项目摘要 这一小笔研究经费将使我们能够研究唯一已知的先天性缺乏 躯体感觉传入（KS），并比较她的运动表现，无意识的身体图式， 有意识的身体形象与IW，一个人与罕见的条件获得体感 损失以及控制。KS生活在美国，IW生活在英国，我们建议学习 这两个人在设备齐全的实验室合作PI克里斯Miall在伯明翰，英国。在两个参与者中 运动神经功能完好，使我们能够通过其效应器身体部位研究运动协调， 而无需外围产生的触觉反馈。请拨经费用于支助旅费和 对照组参与者进行比较。 大纤维感觉输入对于创建身体图式的重要性，反过来又允许快速和 大部分无意识的运动产生将被KS和IW置于明显的救济中。两个不同 解决这种输入的损失，一个基于先天性缺乏，一个基于后天性损失，将是 鉴定在前一种情况下，基于增强的视觉本体感受的自动性程度是 预期的，而在获得性传入阻滞面前的运动预计将取决于意识 以及缓慢的视觉感知和认知疏忽。因此，我们的工作假设是，IW使用 视觉感知，认知要求的运动规划，以及有意识的身体形象， 有意识的监督和最低限度的自动化方式。相反，我们假设KS使用视觉 本体感觉，一种视觉信息自动替代躯体感觉本体感觉， 支持自动支持运动规划和执行的身体图式。 目标1将通过要求KS和IW重复迭代先前学习的内容来测试我们的假设 运动，有和没有认知负荷，并学习新的运动，范围内的复杂性。在Aim中 2、通过可及性估计和测试，探讨了IW和KS的无意识身体图式。 近个人知觉促进最后，在目标3中，我们将直接比较KS和IW的意识 身体意象从拟议的实验结果将首次揭示的相对作用， 大纤维的躯体感觉信息在建立，然后维持了几十年，感觉运动 功能、身体图式和身体意象。

Project summary This small research grant will allow us to study the only known individual with a congenital lack of somatosensory afferents (KS) and to compare her motor performance, unconscious body schema, and conscious body image with those of IW, an individual with the rare condition of acquired somatosensory loss as well as to controls. KS lives in the United States and IW lives in Britain and we propose to study both individuals in the fully equipped laboratory of co-PI Chris Miall in Birmingham, UK. In both participants motor nerve function is intact, allowing us to investigate motor coordination through its effector body parts, working without peripherally originating haptic feedback. Funds are requested to support travel and the study of control participants for comparison. The importance of large-fiber sensory input for creating a body schema that in turn allows for the rapid and largely unconscious production of movement will be placed in stark relief by KS and IW. Two distinct solutions to a loss of such input, one based on a congenital lack and one on an acquired loss, will be identified. In the former case, a degree of automaticity based on enhanced visual proprioception is expected whereas movement in the face of acquired deafferentation is expected to depend on conscious and slow visual perception combined with cognitive oversight. Thus, our working hypothesis is that IW uses visual perception, cognitively demanding motor planning, and conscious body image to move in a consciously supervised and minimally automated manner. In contrast, we hypothesize that KS uses visual proprioception, an automated substitution of visual information for somatosensory proprioception, to support a body schema that automatically supports motor planning and execution. Aim 1 will test our hypotheses by asking KS and IW to make repeated iterations of previously learned movements, with and without cognitive load, and to learn new movements that range in complexity. In Aim 2, the unconscious body schema of IW and KS will be interrogated through reach estimation and testing for peri-personal perceptual facilitation. Finally, in Aim 3, we will directly compare KS’s and IW’s conscious body images. Results from the proposed experiments will uncover for the first time the relative roles of large-fiber somatosensory information in setting up and then maintaining for decades, sensorimotor function, body schema and body image.