The Oral Microbiome in HIV-associated Oral Warts and Candidiasis

描述(由申请人提供)： 人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)已在全球感染了3000多万人。如果不进行治疗，其中50%以上的人将出现与艾滋病毒有关的口腔表现。目前，HIV疾病最常见的口腔表现是口咽念珠菌病(OPC)和口腔疣。此外，HPV相关性头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)在HIV阳性患者中有所增加，而且随着抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的出现，患病率并未下降。决定艾滋病毒+个体易患OPC、HPV和其他口腔表现的因素以及艾滋病毒的治疗如何影响口腔和/或感染/疾病，人们知之甚少。对……的真实描述 口腔微生物区系的组成和多样性对于了解口腔中的健康和疾病是必不可少的。然而，口腔微生物群如何受到艾滋病毒的影响还没有被描述，但根据初步数据，预计将是重要的。此外，用于治疗艾滋病毒的抗逆转录病毒药物也可能影响/改变口腔微生物群。我们将使用16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增和大规模平行测序来检验这一假设，即HIV感染和ART都会改变口腔中细菌物种的组成和多样性，这种组成可能与HIV相关的OPC和ART相关的口腔疣和HNSCC等口腔表现的风险有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected over 30 million individuals worldwide. Left untreated, over 50% of these individuals will incur an oral manifestation associated with HIV. Currently, the most common oral manifestations of HIV disease are oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and oral warts. In addition, HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are increased in HIV+ individuals and have not seen a reduction in prevalence with the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The factors which determine an HIV+ individual's predisposition to OPC, HPV and other oral manifestations are poorly understood as well as how treatments for HIV influence the oral cavity and/or infections/diseases. A realistic description of the composition and diversity of the oral microflora (microbiome) is essential to understanding health and disease in the oral cavity. However, how the oral microbiome is impacted by HIV has not been described, but based on preliminary data, is expected to be significant. Moreover, ART used to treat HIV also likely impacts/alters the oral microbiome. We will use PCR-amplification of 16S rRNA genes and massive parallel sequencing to test the hypothesis that both HIV infection and ART alter the composition and diversity of bacterial species in the oral cavity and such composition can be associated with risk of oral manifestations such as HIV-associated OPC and ART-associated oral warts and HNSCC.