11th International Symposium on Bordetella

 描述(由申请人提供)：百日咳主要由百日咳杆菌引起，在美国和世界范围内是一个当代的公共卫生问题。2012年，美国报告了4.8万例百日咳病例，尽管无细胞百日咳疫苗的覆盖率很高，但它是“可接种的”疾病中控制最差的。虽然有几个假设可以解释临床百日咳发病率的增加，例如公众和医疗意识的提高、诊断敏感度的提高和对致病微生物的适应，但显然，与以前使用的全细胞疫苗或从过去的感染中恢复相比，无细胞百日咳疫苗产生的保护持续时间和类型都要短得多。出于这些原因，即将于2016年4月在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯举行的第11届波尔德泰拉国际研讨会尤其及时。这些会议每三至四年举行一次，通常有来自多个国家的200-300人(基础科学家、医生、公共卫生官员、疫苗制造商和监管机构的代表)参加；这种参与程度反映了国际波尔德泰拉研究中心的热情 本次活动的社区。主要讨论的主题(见初步计划)包括：百日咳流行病学和发病机制，在自然疾病和后续疫苗(动物和人类)中的免疫反应和清除机制，以及不表达毒力因子/疫苗抗原的百日咳杆菌菌株。由于似乎有多种因素(如来自自然疾病的不同免疫反应、出现不表达疫苗抗原的循环菌株以及可能来自无症状宿主的传播)导致百日咳的死灰复燃，本次会议将提供一个理想的论坛，讨论这些可能性以及如何明确地处理这一问题。因此，作为圆桌讨论和建立共识活动的最后一次会议将是这一特别活动的重要成果/成果，与会者将代表确定解决办法和下一步行动的相关专门知识领域。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Pertussis, caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis, is a contemporary public health problem in the US and worldwide. With >48,000 cases reported in the US in 2012, it is the least well controlled of the "vaccinepreventable" diseases, despite excellent coverage with acellular pertussis vaccines. While there are several hypotheses for these increases in clinical pertussis, such as increased public and medical awareness, enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and adaptation of the causal organism, it is clear that the acellular pertussis vaccines elicit protection of significantly shorter duration and diffeent type than previously used whole cell vaccines or recovery from past infection.For these reasons, the upcoming 11th International Bordetella Symposium, scheduled for April 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is particularly timely. These meetings take place on a three-four year cycle and are generally attended by 200-300 individuals (basic scientists, physicians, public health officials, vaccine manufacturers and representatives of regulatory agencies) from multiple countries; this level of participation reflects enthusiasm of the international Bordetella Research Community for this event. The major topics of discussion (see preliminary program) at this include: pertussis epidemiology and pathogenesis, immune responses and mechanisms of clearance in natural disease and following vaccine (in animals and humans) and B. pertussis strains not expressing virulence factors/vaccine antigens. Since there appear to be multiple factors (such as disparate immune response from natural disease, emergence of circulating strains not expressing vaccine antigens and possible transmission from asymptomatic hosts) contributing to the resurgence of pertussis, this meeting will provide an ideal forum for discussion of these possibilities and how to deal with the problem definitively. Thus the final session as round table discussion and consensus building exercise will be an important culmination/product from this special event with participants representing relevant areas of expertise for identifying solutions and next steps.