Longitudinal Investigation of Sleep, Memory, and Brain Development Across the Nap Transition

午睡过渡期间睡眠、记忆和大脑发育的纵向研究

• 批准号: 10659988
• 负责人: TRACY L. RIGGINS
• 金额: $ 123.47万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10659988
• 关键词: Address; Age; Anatomy; Area; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain region; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Data; Data Set; Development; Diffusion; Discrimination; Ecological momentary assessment; Health; Hippocampus; Human; Intervention; Investigation; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Modeling; Monitor; Napping; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Polysomnography; Reporting; Research; Risk; Science; Sleep; Sleep Architecture; Structure; Synapses; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; actigraphy; awake; biomarker identification; cognitive development; design; early childhood; evidence base; forgetting; innovation; insight; longitudinal design; memory consolidation; memory process; neural; novel; predictive marker; pressure; rapid growth; recruit; sex; sleep physiology; sleep regulation; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY Sleep stabilizes memories in cortical regions and optimizes synaptic organization, freeing up the hippocampus for ongoing learning. In early childhood, naps serve a critical function, enhancing memory through sleep- dependent memory consolidation. Given this, it remains unknown why children transition out of naps when they are still in a stage rich with learning. We predict that critical brain development occurs at this time, making the mid-day “unloading” of memories no longer essential. Here we propose the first longitudinal study of the cognitive, physiological, and neural changes that accompany the nap transition. The central hypothesis is that maturation of the brain (in particular, the hippocampus) during early childhood results in more information being retained without interference, reducing the need for frequent consolidation that takes place during naps. We posit that these changes contribute to the biphasic (nap and overnight sleep) to monophasic (overnight sleep) sleep transition. To examine this, we will recruit 180 participants (36-54 months) and use a longitudinal design to assess brain development in relation to memory, sleep physiology, and nap status across the nap transition. Nap status will be monitored in real-time with actigraphy and verified via parent-reported ecological momentary assessments. Sleep will be assessed with polysomnography during the nap and overnight sleep. Memory will be assessed with a mnemonic similarity task, designed to tap hippocampal-dependent memory. Assessments will occur before and after a nap (with an equivalent interval awake as a control) and again before and after subsequent overnight sleep. Brain macro/micro structure and anatomical/functional connectivity will be measured with MRI. Aim 1 is to identify neural markers that predict the shift from biphasic to monophasic sleep. Aim 2 is to examine changes in sleep-dependent memory processing across the sleep transition. Aim 3 is to examine changes in diurnal and nocturnal sleep microstructure and topography across the sleep transition. Aim 4 is to examine interrelations among sleep architecture, memory, and the brain across the sleep transition using latent change score modeling. Innovative aspects of the proposed work include: real-time tracking of nap transitions longitudinally within the same subjects; examination of nap and overnight sleep microstructure and topography; comprehensive and targeted measures of brain development; measures of hippocampal-mediated memory; and latent change score modeling. This work will also result in a novel and rich dataset for additional analyses by our group and others to test alternative outcomes, explore the contribution of additional brain regions, and assess additional hypotheses from other prominent sleep theories. This work will have significant implications for human health by enhancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying sleep regulation and the consequences of sleep on cognitive health and performance and identification of biomarkers in sleep which may be useful in identifying risk and health outcomes.

项目概要 睡眠可以稳定皮质区域的记忆并优化突触组织，释放海马体 用于持续学习。在幼儿期，小睡起着至关重要的作用，通过睡眠增强记忆力 依赖记忆巩固。鉴于此，目前尚不清楚为什么孩子们在睡觉时会从小睡中过渡出来。 仍处于学习丰富的阶段。我们预测关键的大脑发育发生在此时，使得 中午“卸载”记忆不再是必需的。在这里，我们提出了第一个纵向研究 伴随小睡过渡的认知、生理和神经变化。中心假设是 儿童早期大脑（特别是海马体）的成熟导致更多的信息被 保持不受干扰，减少小睡期间频繁巩固的需要。我们假设 这些变化有助于双相（午睡和夜间睡眠）到单相（夜间睡眠）睡眠 过渡。为了检验这一点，我们将招募 180 名参与者（36-54 个月）并使用纵向设计来 评估与记忆、睡眠生理学和午睡过渡期间午睡状态相关的大脑发育。 午睡状态将通过体动记录仪实时监测，并通过家长报告的生态瞬时数据进行验证 评估。将在午睡和夜间睡眠期间通过多导睡眠图评估睡眠情况。记忆会 通过助记相似性任务进行评估，旨在挖掘海马依赖性记忆。评估 会在小睡之前和之后发生（以等效的清醒时间间隔作为对照）以及在小睡之前和之后再次发生 随后过夜。大脑宏观/微观结构和解剖/功能连接将 用 MRI 测量。目标 1 是识别预测从双相睡眠转变为单相睡眠的神经标记。 目标 2 是检查睡眠过渡期间睡眠依赖性记忆处理的变化。目标 3 是 检查整个睡眠过渡过程中昼间和夜间睡眠微结构和地形的变化。目的 图 4 是使用以下方法检查整个睡眠过渡过程中睡眠结构、记忆和大脑之间的相互关系 潜在变化分数建模。拟议工作的创新方面包括： 实时跟踪午睡 在同一科目内纵向过渡；检查午睡和夜间睡眠微观结构 地形;全面、有针对性的大脑发育措施；海马介导的测量 记忆;和潜在变化评分建模。这项工作还将产生一个新颖且丰富的数据集，用于其他 我们的小组和其他人进行分析，以测试替代结果，探索额外大脑的贡献 区域，并评估其他著名睡眠理论的其他假设。这项工作将具有重大意义 通过加强对睡眠调节和睡眠调节机制的理解来对人类健康产生影响 睡眠对认知健康和表现的影响以及睡眠中生物标志物的识别 可能有助于识别风险和健康结果。