Evaluation of the effects of child sexual abuse prevention policies on adult perpetrated child sexual abuse

摘要 当前的提案旨在严格评估预防政策方法的影响 关于成人实施儿童性虐待 (CSA) 的一级预防。具体来说，这 提案响应研究优先事项 3：社区或社会层面的方法（即， 针对增加或缓冲环境特征的计划、政策或实践 通过编目和严格评估国家政策（即学校政策）来应对暴力风险） 与预防 CSA 相关的 CSA 教育法和其他相关政策）。 向成人和儿童传授 CSA 体征和症状的计划，以及 报告 CSA 问题的策略，有增加参与者的有希望的证据 知识和技能（Walsh 等，2018；Gushwa、Bernier 和 Robinson，2019；Letourneau， 尼特特和莱茵戈尔德，2016）。因此，34 个州和华盛顿特区制定了基于学校的法规， 鼓励或强制学校向成人和/或儿童提供 CSA 培训（足够的虐待 美国防止虐待儿童运动，2021 年）。迄今为止，评价还很少 这些国家政策，以确定它们是否对人口水平产生了预期的影响 CSA 减少（Rosenzweig 和 Hiner，2020）。目前的提案旨在缩小这一差距。 在本合作协议的 A 部分（即第 1 年和第 2 年）中，我们将组建一个研究- 实践与政策伙伴关系（RPPP）（目标 A1），与研究人员、政策专家、CSA 专业人士以及具有 CSA 专业知识的人士，为各州的政策提供信息 景观评估（目标 A2）和科学文献范围审查（目标 A3） CSA 预防政策的主题。聘请“研究顾问委员会”的具体方案 （即 RPPP）包含在创新部分。组分A的产品将使 独立的科学贡献，将为研究团队提供必要的数据 （即自变量）用于我们在组件 B 中进行严格的政策分析。 在组件 B 中 在本合作协议的第 3 年至第 5 年，我们建议严格评估 校本 CSA 教育法（目标 B1）及其变体（目标 B2）并审查 各州关于 CSA 和其他内容的报告和证实的其他 CSA 政策（目标 B3） 虐待儿童的形式。通过评估与校本 CSA 相关的效果 教育法及其在各州的差异，我们的结果将提供科学证据： 这些预防政策是否对 CSA 和其他儿童产生了预期的影响 虐待的结果。

Abstract The current proposal seeks to rigorously evaluate prevention policy approaches for their impact on the primary prevention of child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by adults. Specifically, this proposal is responsive to Research Priority 3: Community- or societal-level approaches (i.e., programs, policies, or practices that target characteristics of settings that increase or buffer against the risk for violence) by cataloguing and rigorously evaluating state policies (i.e., school- based CSA education laws and other relevant policies) associated with the prevention of CSA. Programs that teach adults and children about the signs and symptoms of CSA, along with strategies to report concerns of CSA, have promising evidence for increasing participant knowledge and skills (Walsh et al., 2018; Gushwa, Bernier, & Robinson, 2019; Letourneau, Nietert, & Rheingold, 2016). As such, 34 states and D.C. have school-based statutes that encourage or mandate schools to provide CSA training to adults and/or children (Enough Abuse Campaign & Prevent Child Abuse America, 2021). To date, there is very little evaluation of these state policies to determine whether they are having the intended effect of population-level decreases in CSA (Rosenzweig, & Hiner, 2020). The current proposal seeks to close that gap. In Component A (i.e., Years 1 & 2) of this cooperative agreement, we will form a research- practice-policy partnership (RPPP) (Aim A1), with researchers, policy experts, CSA professionals, and those with lived expertise with CSA, to inform a state-by-state policy landscape assessment (Aim A2) and scoping review of the scientific literature (Aim A3) on the topic of CSA prevention policies. The specific plan for engaging the “Research Advisory Board” (i.e., RPPP) is included under the Innovation Section. The products of Component A will make independent scientific contributions and will provide the research team with the necessary data (i.e., independent variables) for our rigorous policy analysis in Component B. In Component B (i.e., Years 3 through 5) of this cooperative agreement, we propose to rigorously evaluate school-based CSA education laws (Aim B1) and their variation (Aim B2) as well as examine other CSA policies (Aim B3) across states on reports and substantiations for CSA and other forms of child maltreatment. By evaluating the effects associated with school-based CSA education laws and their variations across states, our results will provide scientific evidence as to whether these prevention policies are having their intended effect on CSA and other child maltreatment outcomes.