Gender, Emotional Arousal, and Risk for Adolescent Substance Abuse

性别、情绪唤起和青少年药物滥用的风险

• 批准号: 7615162
• 负责人: Tara M Chaplin
• 金额: $ 16.63万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7615162
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety; Area; Arousal; Award; Biological; Birth; Cardiovascular system; Child; Complex; Data; Depressed mood; Development; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Emotional; Emotions; Equation; Family; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Frequencies; Gender; Hydrocortisone; Laboratories; Low income; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Modeling; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Psychopathology; Publishing; Reading; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Scientist Award; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Scientist; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Trier Social Stress Test; adolescent substance abuse; aged; base; boys; caregiving; cocaine exposure; cohort; depression; depressive symptoms; developmental neurobiology; early childhood; experience; follow up assessment; follow-up; girls; meetings; prenatal exposure; programs; psychosocial; response; showing emotion; social; stressor; symposium; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mentored Research Scientist Award for Tara M. Chaplin, Ph.D. This K01 application seeks support that is essential for my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I have developed an important program of psychosocial research on gender, patterns of emotional response to stress, and the development of depression in adolescence. However, to fully understand the impact of emotional arousal patterns on adolescent psychopathology, I must incorporate biological aspects of emotion and must understand the role of emotion in both internalizing disorders such as depression and externalizing disorders such as substance abuse. Therefore, in this K01 application, I propose to acquire training in three areas: (a) developmental neurobiology models and measures of emotion and psychopathology; (b) substance abuse research; and (c) advanced data analytic techniques for repeated bio-psycho-social data and complex developmental models, including Linear Mixed Effects and Structural Equation Modeling. Training will be provided through intensive mentoring by a team of leading interdisciplinary scientists, and through guided readings, coursework, and attendance at conferences/meetings. I will also complete a research project examining the role of emotional response to stress in the development of substance use and depressive symptoms in 200 adolescents (aged 14-15 years), half of whom are at risk for the development of adjustment problems due to prenatal cocaine exposure. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is known to specifically impact emotional arousal systems and may also be a risk factor for substance use disorders and depression in adolescence. However, no published studies have followed PCE children into adolescence to test this possibility. The proposed study follows a well-characterized cohort of adolescents who have been studied since their birth. Half of the adolescents were prenatally exposed to cocaine and the other half were not exposed to substances, with both groups from low-income families. Adolescents will participate in a laboratory-based stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) with detailed assessments of their emotional responses across bio-psychosocial domains. Adolescent's subjective emotion experience, observed emotion expression, cardiovascular arousal (HR, BP), and HPA-Axis arousal (cortisol levels) will be assessed before, during, and after the TSST. Adolescents will complete 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments of substance use/abuse and depression. Analyses will examine associations between emotional response to the stressor and increases in substance use and depressive symptoms by 12-month follow-up. Understanding possible mechanisms for the initiation and early escalation of substance use disorders and depression will inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk and the proposed Award will enable me to contribute to this field.

描述（由申请人提供）：Tara M. Chaplin 博士获得指导研究科学家奖此 K01 申请寻求对我作为独立跨学科科学家的发展至关重要的支持。我制定了一项重要的心理社会研究计划，涉及性别、对压力的情绪反应模式以及青春期抑郁症的发展。然而，为了充分理解情绪唤醒模式对青少年精神病理学的影响，我必须结合情绪的生物学方面，并且必须了解情绪在抑郁等内化障碍和药物滥用等外化障碍中的作用。因此，在这个K01申请中，我建议接受三个领域的培训：（a）发育神经生物学模型以及情绪和精神病理学的测量； (b) 药物滥用研究； (c) 用于重复生物心理社会数据和复杂发展模型的先进数据分析技术，包括线性混合效应和结构方程模型。培训将通过领先的跨学科科学家团队的强化指导、指导阅读、课程作业和参加会议来提供。我还将完成一个研究项目，研究 200 名青少年（14-15 岁）对压力的情绪反应在药物滥用和抑郁症状发展中的作用，其中一半人因产前接触可卡因而面临出现适应问题的风险。众所周知，产前接触可卡因（PCE）会特别影响情绪唤醒系统，也可能是青春期物质使用障碍和抑郁症的危险因素。然而，尚无已发表的研究跟踪 PCE 儿童进入青春期来检验这种可能性。这项拟议的研究是对一群特征明确的青少年进行的研究，这些青少年从出生起就一直受到研究。一半的青少年在产前接触过可卡因，另一半则没有接触过物质，两组都来自低收入家庭。青少年将参加基于实验室的压力任务（特里尔社会压力测试，TSST），详细评估他们在生物心理社会领域的情绪反应。将在 TSST 之前、期间和之后评估青少年的主观情绪体验、观察到的情绪表达、心血管唤醒（HR、BP）和 HPA 轴唤醒（皮质醇水平）。青少年将完成药物使用/滥用和抑郁症的 6 个月和 12 个月的后续评估。分析将在 12 个月的随访中检查对压力源的情绪反应与物质使用和抑郁症状增加之间的关联。了解物质使用障碍和抑郁症的发生和早期升级的可能机制将为针对高危青少年制定干预措施提供信息，拟议的奖项将使我能够为这一领域做出贡献。