Sources and Sinks of Halogenated Organic Compounds in the Marine Environment

海洋环境中卤化有机化合物的源和汇

• 批准号: 8708083
• 负责人: PAUL R JENSEN
• 金额: $ 9.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8708083
• 关键词: Algae; Aquaculture; Bacteria; Biological; Boat; California; Chemicals; Collaborations; Conceptions; Coupled; Cyanobacterium; Data; Disease; Electrons; Environment; Eukaryota; Evaluation; Filtration; Fisheries; Food Chain; Food Webs; Genes; Genomics; Goals; Habitats; Health; Home environment; Human; Industry; Institutes; Invertebrates; Isomerism; Letters; Link; Location; Marine Toxins; Marines; Melissa; Metagenomics; Methods; Microbe; Molecular; Oceans; Organism; Plankton; Plants; Porifera; Probability; Production; Pyrroles; Red Algae; Research; Research Design; Resources; Ribosomal RNA; Sampling; Seawater; Source; Surface; Taxon; Techniques; Testing; Toxic effect; Toxicology; anthropogenesis; base; feeding; innovation; insight; marine organism; meetings; microbial; microbial community; milligram; phenyl ether; pollutant; pyrosequencing

There is overwhelming evidence that polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominate pyrroles (PBPs) are bioaccumulating in the marine food chain and that these compounds are of biological origin. While the harmful effects of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) on humans and the environment are only beginning to be understood, their structural similarities to anthropogenic pollutants suggest they represent an emerging and poorly characterized group of marine toxins. The overall goal of Project 1 is to identify the biological sources of PBDEs and PBPs in the Southern California Bight. This goal will be accomplished through a comprehensive sampling paradigm targeting bulk and size-fractionated plankton, sediments, benthic algae, and filter feeding invertebrates. Sampling efforts will capitalize on small boat and shipboard resources available through SIO and expertise provided by plankton expert Melissa Carter (SIO) and collaborators at the J. Craig Venter Institute (see letter of support from L. Zeigler). Project 1 activities will be tightly integrated with Project 3 and the Analytical Core, which will identify and quantify PBDEs and PBPs in the samples collected. This information will be used to link specific compounds with sample types and to guide subsequent microbial cultivation efforts and cultivation-independent diversity studies. Metagenomic data generated from Project 2 will, provide a complimentary analysis of microbial community composition and insight into the biosynthetic genes associated with HOC production. This information will be used in quantitative PCR and CARD-FISH studies designed to assess the numbers and location of HOC-producing bacteria and relevant biosynthetic genes in different sample types. HOCs that cannot be identified by Project 3 based on comparisons with reference data will be isolated, structurally characterized, and provided to Project 3 for toxicological evaluation and as GC-MS standards. Select PBPs previously identified from environmental samples will be synthesized to provide baseline toxicological data and GC-MS standards. A major effort will be placed on the cultivation of HOC-producing bacteria, as there is considerable preliminary evidence that they represent an important biological source of these compounds. This research represents the first major effort to identify the biological sources and sinks of an increasingly important group of marine pollutants in a major US coastal environment.

大量证据表明，多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和多溴联苯吡咯（PBPs）在海洋食物链中具有生物蓄积性，这些化合物具有生物来源。虽然人们对卤代有机化合物（hoc）对人类和环境的有害影响才刚刚开始了解，但它们与人为污染物的结构相似性表明，它们是一种新兴的、特征不明确的海洋毒素。项目1的总体目标是确定南加州海域多溴二苯醚和多溴二苯醚的生物来源。这一目标将通过针对体积和尺寸分馏浮游生物、沉积物、底栖藻类和滤食性无脊椎动物的全面采样范式来实现。取样工作将利用SIO提供的小船和船上资源，以及浮游生物专家梅丽莎·卡特（SIO）和J.克雷格·文特尔研究所的合作者提供的专业知识（见L. Zeigler的支持信）。项目1的活动将与项目3和分析核心紧密结合，分析核心将识别和量化所收集样品中的多溴二苯醚和多溴二苯醚。这些信息将用于将特定化合物与样品类型联系起来，并指导后续的微生物培养工作和培养无关的多样性研究。项目2产生的宏基因组数据将提供微生物群落组成的补充分析，并深入了解与HOC生产相关的生物合成基因。该信息将用于定量PCR和CARD-FISH研究，旨在评估不同样品类型中产生hoc的细菌和相关生物合成基因的数量和位置。项目3通过与参考数据的比较无法识别的hoc将被分离、结构表征，并提供给项目3进行毒理学评估和GC-MS标准。将合成先前从环境样品中确定的精选PBPs，以提供基线毒理学数据和GC-MS标准。由于有相当多的初步证据表明它们是这些化合物的重要生物来源，因此将主要努力放在培养产生hoc的细菌上。这项研究代表了在美国主要沿海环境中确定日益重要的一组海洋污染物的生物来源和汇的首次重大努力。