TWINStudy of Environment, Lifestyle Behaviors and Health

项目摘要 这项研究的总体目标是确定个人生活的建筑环境(BE)， 每天工作、玩耍都会影响他们的健康。这项建议将继续进行富有成效的研究。 在以社区为基础的同卵双胞胎样本中，BE与健康之间的关系 小时候在一起，但现在成年后分开居住。这一独特的样本使我们能够解决严重的 自我选择的方法论问题和因果关系的方向，因为我们将检查两者的变化 随着时间的推移，BE和健康，没有遗传和共享的环境(家庭)影响，否则会导致 在某一时间点对无关个体进行研究的偏差和残差混杂。我们是情侣 集成空间的地理空间数据分析和健康行为测量的先进方法 获取实时时间和空间中的体力活动、饮食行为和BE的测量的数据库 连续体。在此续订申请中，我们在三个重要方面建立在以前工作的基础上。首先，我们将 扩大我们的样本以包括种族/种族和社会经济地位(SES)的更大多样性，因为两者 这些因素对住房选择和健康产生了深远的影响。我们还将在我们基本上城市化的基础上 通过从城市化程度较低的地区招募双胞胎进行抽样，因为这些环境之间的BE非常不同， 对健康有影响。我们假设同卵双胞胎居住在“更健康的”或“更适合行走的”BES 与同卵双胞胎相比，走路和中等到剧烈的体力活动(MVPA)水平明显更高 居住在不太适合步行的BES。我们进一步假设，行走和MVPA水平将在相同的 按族裔/种族、社会经济地位和城乡分类的双胞胎。第二，我们将建立一个相同的队列 双胞胎，将被前瞻性地跟踪，以解决因果关系的方向问题。我们假设双胞胎 家庭附近BE的差异与步行和MVPA水平的双胞胎差异有关 随着时间的推移。我们进一步假设，家庭中的双胞胎差异与双胞胎的差异有关 家庭内外发生的活动和饮食事件的数量会随着时间的推移而变化。第三，我们将 将行为学和生物学数据结合起来研究肥胖相关指标的表观遗传学特征 同卵双胞胎，以及这些特征与接触肥胖BE和健康的关系 行为。我们假设肥胖会出现不同的表观遗传特征(DNA甲基化)- 同卵双胞胎的相关测量，包括有腹型肥胖和无腹型肥胖的双胞胎，以及这些特征 将与暴露在肥胖来源的BE以及活动和饮食行为有关。我们的科学方法 将行为和社会科学的模型与分子和计算方法相结合 遗传双胞胎研究设计。最终，我们独特的方法和措施将导致新的和 将肥胖和慢性病的表观遗传、环境和行为方面联系起来的重要见解。

Project Summary The overall goal of this research is to determine how the built environment (BE) in which individuals live, work, and play in on a daily basis influences their health. This proposal will continue a productive line of research into associations among the BE and health in a community-based sample of identical twins who were reared together as children but now reside apart as adults. This unique sample permits us to address the serious methodological problems of self-selection and direction of causation because we will examine changes in both the BE and health over time, free of genetic and shared environmental (family) effects that otherwise introduce biases and residual confounding into research of unrelated individuals studied at one point in time. We couple advanced methods in geospatial data analysis and health behavior measurement with integrated spatial databases to obtain measures of physical activity, eating behaviors, and the BE in a real time and space continuum. In this renewal application, we build on our previous work in three important ways. First, we will expand our sample to include greater diversity in ethnicity/race and socio-economic status (SES) because both of these factors profoundly influence residential selection and health. We will also build on our mostly urbanized sample by recruiting twins from less urbanized areas because the BE is very different between these settings, with implications for health. We hypothesize that identical twins who reside in “healthier” or more “walkable” BEs have significantly greater walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels than co-twins who reside in less walkable BEs. We further hypothesize that walking and MVPA levels will differ between identical twin pairs by ethnicity/race, SES, and urban/rural classification. Second, we will establish a cohort of identical twins that will be followed prospectively to address the direction of causation problem. We hypothesize that twin differences in the home neighborhood BE are associated with twin differences in both walking and MVPA levels over time. We further hypothesize that twin differences in the home BE are associated with twin differences in the number of activity and eating events occurring within and outside the home BE over time. Third, we will integrate behavioral with biologic data to investigate epigenetic signatures in obesity-related measures in identical twins, and how these signatures are associated with exposure to an obesogenic BE and health behaviors. We hypothesize that distinct epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation) will be present in obesity- related measures in identical twins, including twins with and without abdominal obesity, and that these signatures will be associated with exposure to an obesogenic BE and activity and eating behaviors. Our scientific approach integrates models from the behavioral and social sciences with molecular and computational measures in a genetically informed twin research design. Ultimately, our unique methods and measures will lead to new and important insights linking epigenetic, environmental, and behavioral aspects of obesity and chronic disease.