Context-dependent processing in sensorimotor cortex

感觉运动皮层的上下文相关处理

• 批准号: 9791028
• 负责人: Jennifer L. Collinger
• 金额: $ 57.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9791028
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Control; Chronic; Clinical; Collaborations; Color; Complex; Conscious; Cues; Cutaneous; Development; Dimensions; Environment; Esthesia; Exhibits; Freedom; Furniture; Glass; Goals; Hand; Human; Instruction; Investigation; Lead; Learning; Lifting; Limb structure; Macaca mulatta; Monkeys; Motivation; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Needles; Neurons; Neurorehabilitation; Paralysed; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Psychophysics; Quadriplegia; Reporting; Research; Robotics; Scheme; Sensory; Series; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal cord injury; Structure; Tactile; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Texture; Time; Touch sensation; Upper Extremity; User-Computer Interface; Vision; Visual; Volition; Weight; Work; arm; base; brain computer interface; experience; experimental study; grasp; improved; kinematics; microstimulation; motor control; neural patterning; new technology; novel therapeutics; relating to nervous system; sensory feedback; sensory input; sensory integration; somatosensory

ABSTRACT Humans interact with their environment in countless ways and can switch seamlessly between activities. Even for seemingly simple tasks, a variety of sensory inputs are integrated to create a motor plan to complete a task. Take the example of picking up a glass. Visual, tactile, and proprioceptive inputs provide cues about the position and weight of the object as well as limb state. Additional sensory and contextual inputs can also influence the movement. For example, a person might pick up a glass differently if she is intending to take a drink, versus clear off a table. She may grasp a glass more carefully if it is very full to avoid spilling it requiring a change in the motor control scheme. Our central hypothesis is that sensory and motor aspects of task context systematically modulate the neural representation of action as well as conscious sensory perception. We will manipulate aspects of task context to study sensorimotor processing during grasping and object exploration tasks. Intracortical recordings from human motor cortex will be used to study the neural representation of action for various manipulations of task goals, motor control schemes, and expected and actual sensory inputs. Sensory input will be provided using both intact perception (vision) and intracortical microstimulation of somatosensory cortex to impart cutaneous sensations. Tasks involving object grasping and exploration will be performed with a brain-computer interface (BCI) and robotic arm and hand, which allows us to precisely control the mapping between neural activity and movement as well as the somatosensory inputs. Previous work supports the idea that neural activity generated during attempted movements in people with spinal cord injury exhibits the same relationship to movement variables as an able-bodied subject. Similarly, stimulation of somatosensory cortex in a person with chronic tetraplegia generates localized sensations that follow the expected spatial organization. Population-level analysis will be applied to the neuronal recordings to reveal patterns of neural activity generated by each facet of context to gain a better understanding of how goals, motor control schemes, and expected and actual sensory inputs influence the neural representation of action. We will study how vision and tactile sensation are integrated to drive conscious perception during object exploration. Conscious perception will be documented via verbal report as well as psychophysical experiments. This project will address basic- science questions about the influence of context on sensorimotor processing. The findings of this study could broadly impact neurorehabilitation approaches, while also improving the generalizability and performance of BCIs for restoring upper limb function.

摘要 人类以无数方式与环境互动，并可以在活动之间无缝切换。甚至 对于看似简单的任务，各种感觉输入被整合以创建完成任务的运动计划。 举一个拿起杯子的例子。视觉、触觉和本体感受输入提供了关于 物体的位置和重量以及肢体状态。附加的感觉和上下文输入也可以 影响运动。例如，如果一个人打算拿一个杯子， 喝酒，而不是收拾桌子。她可能会更小心地抓住一个玻璃，如果它是非常充分的，以避免溢出它需要 电机控制方案的变化。我们的中心假设是，任务的感觉和运动方面 背景系统地调节行为的神经表征以及有意识的感官知觉。 我们将操纵任务背景的各个方面来研究抓握和物体过程中的感觉运动加工 探索任务。人类运动皮质的皮质内记录将用于研究神经 任务目标、运动控制方案和预期的各种操作的动作表示， 真实的感官输入将使用完整感知（视觉）和皮质内 微刺激躯体感觉皮层以传递皮肤感觉。涉及物体抓取和 探索将通过脑机接口（BCI）和机器人手臂和手进行，这使我们能够 精确控制神经活动和运动以及体感输入之间的映射。 以前的工作支持这样一种观点，即在患有糖尿病的人尝试运动时产生的神经活动 脊髓损伤表现出与健全受试者相同的运动变量关系。同样地， 刺激患有慢性四肢瘫痪的人的躯体感觉皮层产生局部感觉， 按照预期的空间布局。 群体水平的分析将应用于神经元记录，以揭示神经活动的模式 由上下文的每个方面产生，以更好地理解目标，运动控制方案， 预期的和实际的感觉输入影响动作的神经表征。我们将研究视觉和 触觉被整合以在物体探索期间驱动有意识感知。意识知觉 将通过口头报告和心理物理实验记录下来。该项目将解决基本问题- 科学界质疑语境对感觉运动处理的影响。这项研究的结果可以 广泛影响神经康复方法，同时也提高了 用于恢复上肢功能的BCI。