Context-dependent processing in sensorimotor cortex

感觉运动皮层的上下文相关处理

• 批准号: 9791028
• 负责人: Jennifer L. Collinger
• 金额: $ 57.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9791028
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Control; Chronic; Clinical; Collaborations; Color; Complex; Conscious; Cues; Cutaneous; Development; Dimensions; Environment; Esthesia; Exhibits; Freedom; Furniture; Glass; Goals; Hand; Human; Instruction; Investigation; Lead; Learning; Lifting; Limb structure; Macaca mulatta; Monkeys; Motivation; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Needles; Neurons; Neurorehabilitation; Paralysed; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Psychophysics; Quadriplegia; Reporting; Research; Robotics; Scheme; Sensory; Series; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal cord injury; Structure; Tactile; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Texture; Time; Touch sensation; Upper Extremity; User-Computer Interface; Vision; Visual; Volition; Weight; Work; arm; base; brain computer interface; experience; experimental study; grasp; improved; kinematics; microstimulation; motor control; neural patterning; new technology; novel therapeutics; relating to nervous system; sensory feedback; sensory input; sensory integration; somatosensory

ABSTRACT Humans interact with their environment in countless ways and can switch seamlessly between activities. Even for seemingly simple tasks, a variety of sensory inputs are integrated to create a motor plan to complete a task. Take the example of picking up a glass. Visual, tactile, and proprioceptive inputs provide cues about the position and weight of the object as well as limb state. Additional sensory and contextual inputs can also influence the movement. For example, a person might pick up a glass differently if she is intending to take a drink, versus clear off a table. She may grasp a glass more carefully if it is very full to avoid spilling it requiring a change in the motor control scheme. Our central hypothesis is that sensory and motor aspects of task context systematically modulate the neural representation of action as well as conscious sensory perception. We will manipulate aspects of task context to study sensorimotor processing during grasping and object exploration tasks. Intracortical recordings from human motor cortex will be used to study the neural representation of action for various manipulations of task goals, motor control schemes, and expected and actual sensory inputs. Sensory input will be provided using both intact perception (vision) and intracortical microstimulation of somatosensory cortex to impart cutaneous sensations. Tasks involving object grasping and exploration will be performed with a brain-computer interface (BCI) and robotic arm and hand, which allows us to precisely control the mapping between neural activity and movement as well as the somatosensory inputs. Previous work supports the idea that neural activity generated during attempted movements in people with spinal cord injury exhibits the same relationship to movement variables as an able-bodied subject. Similarly, stimulation of somatosensory cortex in a person with chronic tetraplegia generates localized sensations that follow the expected spatial organization. Population-level analysis will be applied to the neuronal recordings to reveal patterns of neural activity generated by each facet of context to gain a better understanding of how goals, motor control schemes, and expected and actual sensory inputs influence the neural representation of action. We will study how vision and tactile sensation are integrated to drive conscious perception during object exploration. Conscious perception will be documented via verbal report as well as psychophysical experiments. This project will address basic- science questions about the influence of context on sensorimotor processing. The findings of this study could broadly impact neurorehabilitation approaches, while also improving the generalizability and performance of BCIs for restoring upper limb function.

抽象的 人类以无数方式与环境互动，并且可以在活动之间无缝切换。甚至 对于看似简单的任务，集成了各种感官输入以创建一个运动计划以完成任务。 以拿起玻璃杯的榜样为例。视觉，触觉和本体感受的输入提供了有关该的线索 物体的位置和重量以及肢体状态。其他感官和上下文输入也可以 影响运动。例如，如果一个人打算服用玻璃杯 喝酒，而不是桌子上的桌子。如果它非常饱满以避免溢出需要，她可能会更谨慎地抓住玻璃杯 运动控制方案的变化。我们的中心假设是任务的感官和运动方面 上下文系统地调节动作的神经表示以及有意识的感觉感知。 我们将操纵任务上下文的各个方面，以研究掌握和对象期间的感觉运动处理 勘探任务。人类运动皮层的皮质内记录将用于研究神经 代表各种操纵任务目标，运动控制方案和预期的行动的代表 实际感官输入。将使用完整的感知（视觉）和心脏内提供感觉输入 体感皮质的微刺激以散发皮肤。涉及对象抓握和 探索将使用大脑计算机界面（BCI）和机器人手臂和手进行探索，这使我们 精确控制神经活动与运动之间的映射以及体感输入。 以前的工作支持了与患者尝试运动期间神经活动的想法 脊髓损伤与运动变量与健全的受试者具有相同的关系。相似地， 患有慢性四脑的人的体感皮质刺激会产生局部感觉， 遵循预期的空间组织。 人群级分析将应用于神经元记录以揭示神经活动的模式 由上下文的每个方面产生，以更好地了解目标，运动控制方案和 预期和实际感觉输入会影响作用的神经表示。我们将研究视力和 将触觉感觉整合在一起，以推动物体探索过程中有意识的感知。有意识的感知 将通过口头报告以及心理物理实验记录。该项目将解决基本 - 科学问题有关上下文对感觉运动处理的影响。这项研究的发现可能 广泛影响神经康复方法，同时也提高了 BCI用于恢复上肢功能。