From neighborhood disadvantage to antisocial behavior: Neurobiological pathways

从邻里劣势到反社会行为：神经生物学途径

• 批准号: 10015409
• 负责人: S. Alexandra Burt
• 金额: $ 7.67万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-18 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10015409
• 关键词: Address; Administrative Supplement; Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Architecture; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Biological; Birth Records; Brain; Child Rearing; Clinic; Cognitive; Communities; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Discipline; Doctor of Philosophy; Environment; Epidemiology; Etiology; Exposure to; Family; Funding; Future; Genetic; Goals; Health; Heritability; Home environment; Link; Mental Health; Modality; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neurobiology; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Public Health; Public Policy; Regulation; Reproducibility; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Sample Size; Sampling; Series; Social Environment; Social Processes; Societies; Stress; Structure; Students; Talents; Theft; Toxicant exposure; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; Youth; antisocial behavior; assault; behavioral outcome; biological adaptation to stress; brain behavior; career; design; doctoral student; ethnic minority population; multimodality; neighborhood disadvantage; neural network; neuroimaging; novel; parent grant; perpetrators; physical process; racial minority; relating to nervous system; skills; social; social cohesion; social factors; toxicant; vandalism; violence exposure

Decades of research have highlighted the damaging effects of disadvantaged neighborhood contexts on later health outcomes, including youth antisocial behaviors (ASB) such as assault, theft, and vandalism. Although few would now contest the behavioral sequelae of neighborhood disadvantage, the mechanism(s) driving these effects are as yet unclear. A major focus of the parent grant is to understand how social processes in the home (parenting) and physical processes in the environment (toxicants) undermine brain development (across structure and function). The current supplement application aims to deepen the focus of this study on the social processes in the neighborhood that affect the activation of the amygdala and broader corticolimbic circuit – a critical neural regions for the initiation and regulation of the stress response. By examining social factors in the neighborhood (lack of social cohesion, exposure to violence) that may undermine the development of stress-related neural functioning, the proposed supplement will use a genetically-informed developmental neuroscience approach to understand how the broader social context outside of the home may undermine development. Through the use of a twin sample, the proposed project will leverage twin differences to identify causal mechanisms affecting brain development. Moreover, through this project, a PhD student will gain cutting-edge, interdisciplinary training in functional neuroimaging, behavior genetics, and neighborhood effects, in a way that will continue her strong academic trajectory and uniquely position her for a novel, research focused career with training well outside of the typical course of study. This training will position this student well for future funding (F, K, R series) by establishing her skills across multiple disciplines. Thus the proposed study will enhance the Aims of the parent grant, while providing unique training for a talented junior researcher who will add diversity to the scientific community.

数十年的研究强调了弱势社区环境对以后的破坏性影响 健康结果，包括青少年反社会行为 (ASB)，例如袭击、盗窃和破坏公物。虽然 现在很少有人会质疑邻里劣势的行为后遗症、驱动机制 这些影响尚不清楚。家长资助的一个主要重点是了解社会进程如何 家庭（养育）和环境中的物理过程（有毒物质）会破坏大脑发育（跨 结构和功能）。目前的补充申请旨在加深本研究的重点 影响杏仁核和更广泛的皮质边缘回路激活的邻里社会过程 – 应激反应启动和调节的关键神经区域。通过考察社会因素 可能破坏社区发展的邻里关系（缺乏社会凝聚力、遭受暴力） 与压力相关的神经功能，拟议的补充剂将使用遗传信息的发育 神经科学方法来了解家庭之外更广泛的社会背景如何可能破坏 发展。通过使用双胞胎样本，拟议项目将利用双胞胎差异来识别 影响大脑发育的因果机制。此外，通过这个项目，博士生将获得 功能神经影像、行为遗传学和邻里效应方面的尖端跨学科培训， 以某种方式继续她强大的学术轨迹，并使她在小说、研究方面处于独特的地位 专注于职业生涯，并在典型学习课程之外进行良好的培训。此次培训将使该学生定位 通过建立她跨多个学科的技能，为未来的资助（F、K、R 系列）做好准备。因此提出的 研究将增强家长资助的目标，同时为有才华的初级研究员提供独特的培训 谁将为科学界增添多样性。