NHGRI/DIR Animal Research Infrastructure

在OSD下，实验动物医学办公室（OLAM）负责指导实验动物的护理和使用计划，并支持NHGRI调查人员。OLAM为NHGRI动物护理和使用委员会（ACUC）提供所有行政职能和支持，包括安排和协调每月会议的后勤工作，及时准备和分发议程、会议记录、决定和相关的ACUC材料，提供动物研究提案（ASP）设计支持，进行摄入方案/修正案审查以确保完整性，维护官方电子培训记录和文件。组织半年一次的项目评估，跟踪并促进项目缺陷的纠正，组织并协助对任何动物福利问题的回应，执行批准后监督（PAM），并作为职业健康与安全以及设施管理的联络人。OLAM制作、维护和更新NHGRI调查员手册、NHGRI ACUC手册、ACUC指南、标准操作程序（SOP），准备和管理动物计划灾难准备计划和其他资源，以提供有关人道关怀和研究中动物使用的进一步信息和指导。此外，OLAM还为NHGRI的调查人员提供比较医学方面的专业建议，协调和组织全球动物进出口，处理动物订单，为调查人员提供兽医护理和技术研究支持。OLAM不断评估、发展和/或建议改进实验动物的人道关怀和处理，以满足当前的最佳实践。研究者支持的一个关键重点是对研究动物的适当护理、使用、人道待遇和处理进行培训。为此，OLAM为从事NHGRI研究动物模型的研究人员创建了一个全面的实践培训计划。通过OLAM提供的培训确保所有动物处理都符合NHGRI， NIH和联邦法规和指导方针，以继续保证国际AAALAC的全面认证。除了NIH要求动物培训和在动物暴露计划（AEP）注册外，NHGRI ACUC在列入NHGRI ASP或通过修订添加到ASP之前还需要额外的培训。这种额外的培训水平确保每个调查员完成并理解设施特定要求，包括进入要求、标准设施程序、适当的动物护理和处理程序、麻醉药和镇痛药的正确使用、环境丰富、过敏预防、个人防护设备和其他安全要求、安保以及报告动物福利问题的程序。动物项目主任（APD）或其指定人员执行这项培训。研究小鼠的研究人员还必须回顾NHGRI开发的视频“实验室小鼠基础生物方法学培训”的相关部分。本视频涵盖了在NHGRI进行的最常见的啮齿动物手术。这包括一般饲养、约束和处理、鉴定方法、基因分型、注射、采血、麻醉和镇痛以及安乐死。与APD或其指定人员进行一对一的实践培训，以确保动物得到人道对待，不会伤害动物或训导员，并且技能适用于正在进行的实验操作，包括批准的安乐死方法。所有的动物研究提案都将定期进行审查，包括观察研究人员执行实验技术，以确保ASP与实际所做的一致。培训是NHGRI的一项持续承诺和高度优先事项。OLAM的调查员培训几乎每天都在进行。OLAM还为啮齿动物和水生物种提供高级技术培训。进行啮齿动物生存手术的个人需要进行高级啮齿动物培训，包括观看由NHGRI和OACU开发并资助的“啮齿动物生存手术培训”视频。本视频涵盖转基因手术和基本缝合技术的特殊考虑。术前计划和培训在方案制定期间开始。首席研究员（PI）和APD将在允许外科医生进行生存手术之前评估他们的熟练程度。无论调查员的专业水平如何，APD都会在所有手术首次进行时进行观察。NHGRI OLAM致力于在生物医学和行为研究、教学和测试中促进动物的人道关怀和使用。

Under the OSD, the Office of Laboratory Animal Medicine (OLAM) is responsible for directing the program of laboratory animal care and use and supporting NHGRI investigators. OLAM provides all administrative functions and support to the NHGRI Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) to include scheduling and coordinating the logistics for monthly meetings, provides the timely preparation and distribution of agendas, minutes, decisions and related ACUC materials, provides Animal Study Proposal (ASP) design support, conducts intake protocol/amendment review to ensure completeness, maintains official electronic training records and files, organizes the semiannual program evaluation, tracks and facilitates correction of program deficiencies, organizes and assists with the response to any animal welfare concerns, performs Post Approval Monitoring (PAM) and serves as a liaison to Occupational Health and Safety and facility management. OLAM generates, maintains and updates the NHGRI Investigator Handbook, the NHGRI ACUC Handbook, ACUC guidelines, standard operating procedures (SOP), prepares and manages the Animal Program Disaster Preparedness plan and other resources to provide further information and guidance on the humane care and use of animals in research. Furthermore, OLAM provides NHGRI investigators with professional advice on comparative medicine, coordinates and organizes global animal imports/exports, processes animal orders, provides veterinary care and technical research support for investigators. OLAM continuously evaluates, develops and/or recommends refinements in the humane care and handling of laboratory animals to meet current best practices. A critical focus of investigator support is training on the proper care, use, humane treatment and handling of research animals. To this end, OLAM has created a comprehensive hands-on training program for investigators working on NHGRI research animal models. The training offered through OLAM ensures that all animal handling is in compliance with NHGRI, NIH, and Federal regulations and guidelines for the continued assurance of full accreditation by the AAALAC, International. In addition to the NIH required animal training and registering with the Animal Exposure Program (AEP), the NHGRI ACUC requires additional training prior to being listed on a NHGRI ASP or added to an ASP by amendment. This additional level of training ensures that each investigator completes and understands facility-specific requirements to include entry requirements, standard facility procedures, proper animal care and handling procedures, proper use of anesthetics and analgesics, environmental enrichment, allergy prevention, personal protective equipment and other safety requirements, security, and the procedures for reporting animal welfare concerns. The Animal Program Director (APD) or her designee performs this training. Investigators working with mice must also review the relevant sections of an NHGRI developed video, "Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice". This video covers the most common rodent procedures performed at NHGRI. This includes general husbandry, restraint and handling, identification methods, genotyping, injections, blood collection, anesthesia and analgesia, and euthanasia. One-on-one hands-on training with the APD or her designee occurs to assure that animals are treated humanely without injury to the animal or handler and that skills are appropriate for the experimental manipulation(s) being performed, including approved methods of euthanasia. Periodically, all Animal Study Proposals will undergo a PAM to include observing investigators perform experimental techniques to ensure congruency between the ASP and what is actually being done. Training is an on-going commitment and a high priority at NHGRI. Investigator training with OLAM occurs on an almost daily basis. OLAM also provides advanced technique training for both rodents and aquatic species. Advanced rodent training is required for individuals performing survival rodent surgery and includes viewing the video, "Training in Rodent Survival Surgery" developed and financially supported by the NHGRI and the OACU. This video covers special considerations in transgenic surgery and basic suturing techniques. Pre-surgical planning and training is initiated during protocol development. The Principal Investigator (PI) and APD will assess the proficiency of surgeons before they are allowed to perform survival surgery. Regardless of the level of expertise of the investigator, the APD observes all surgeries when they are first performed. NHGRI OLAM is committed to promoting the humane care and use of animals in biomedical and behavior research, teaching and testing.