Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Cognitive Decline

认知衰退的生命历程起源差异

• 批准号: 10034424
• 负责人: KENNETH F. FERRARO
• 金额: $ 67.53万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10034424
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; African American; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Behavioral; Childhood; Chronic; Cognitive; Communities; Data; Dementia; Development; Disease; Elderly; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Force of Gravity; Health and Retirement Study; High Prevalence; Hispanic Americans; Hispanics; Impaired cognition; Incidence; Inequality; Inflammation; Interruption; Interview; Lead; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Minority; National Institute on Aging; Not Hispanic or Latino; Outcome; Outcome Study; Pathway interactions; Proliferating; Public Health; Race; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Social Conditions; Surveys; Testing; Time; Weather; caucasian American; cognitive function; cognitive performance; dementia risk; disparity reduction; effective intervention; health data; life history; lifestyle factors; physical conditioning; psychologic; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; response; social; social culture; social relationships; stressor; theories

Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Cognitive Decline Project Summary/Abstract A growing number of studies reveal that Black (African American) and Hispanic Americans have markedly higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia than do White (non-Hispanic) Americans.1-3 Despite the evidence, the reasons for the disparities remain a subject of continuing debate. In addition, the relatively modest literature on longitudinal studies of cognitive decline have been mixed, with some studies demonstrating equivalent or slower rates of decline,4-6 and others reporting faster rates of decline for minorities compared to older Whites.7-9 Discrepancies in these findings may be due to differences in the life course origins of cognitive decline. The purpose of this project is to explicate the life course origins of cognitive decline and the resources that mediate those relationships. We investigate the influence of life course stressors on the risk of cognitive decline in later life among Black, White, and Hispanic Americans as well as the resources that reduce the risk of cognitive decline in these three groups. We focus on cognitive decline—an important hallmark of the development of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD)—and seek to identify resources that empower diverse groups of Americans to reduce the risk of early cognitive decline. We hypothesize that chronic inflammation is a mechanism by which stressors accumulated over the life course exact a toll on cognitive functioning but that this is remediable via social, psychological, and community resources. Although most of the extant research on the topic examines White adults, the present study investigates whether the mechanisms vary for Black, White, and Hispanic Americans. Resources such as social relationships and lifestyle factors vary across racial and ethnic communities, suggesting the value of investigating distinct mechanisms for amelioration. We use eight waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), organized in two studies, to test hypotheses. Study 1 examines data from 9,872 adults (age 65+) in 2004 who are re-interviewed biennially, providing 14 years of observation. Study 2 uses information from 9,879 adults (age 65+) in 2010, incorporating rich data from the Life History Surveys launched in 2015 and 2017. There are three specific aims: 1. To examine disparities in the relationships between life course stressors and cognitive decline—an important hallmark of the risk of ADRD. 2. To identify whether chronic inflammation is a mechanism for how life course stressors influence cognitive decline among Black, White, and Hispanic older adults. 3. To determine if the life course resources that potentially mediate the relationships between life course stressors and cognitive decline are distinct for Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.

生命历程的差异认知衰退的起源 项目总结/摘要 越来越多的研究表明，黑人（非洲裔美国人）和西班牙裔美国人 认知障碍和痴呆的患病率和发生率高于白色（非西班牙裔） 美国人。1 -3尽管有这些证据，造成这种差异的原因仍然是一个持续争论的话题。在 此外，关于认知能力下降的纵向研究的文献相对较少， 一些研究表明下降速度相等或较慢，4-6而另一些研究报告下降速度较快 7 -9这些发现的差异可能是由于生活方式的差异， 认知能力下降的原因本课题的目的在于阐明认知的生命历程起源 衰退和调节这些关系的资源。 我们调查了生活过程中的压力对老年人认知能力下降风险的影响， 黑人、白色和西班牙裔美国人以及降低认知能力下降风险的资源， 这三个群体。我们关注认知能力下降--阿尔茨海默氏症发展的一个重要标志 疾病和相关疾病（ADRD）-并寻求确定资源，使不同群体的 美国人降低早期认知能力下降的风险。我们假设慢性炎症是一种 在生命过程中积累的压力会对认知功能造成损害， 这是可以通过社会、心理和社区资源加以补救的。尽管大多数现存的研究 关于这个主题，研究了白色成年人，本研究调查了黑人的机制是否不同， 白色和西班牙裔美国人。资源，如社会关系和生活方式的因素不同种族 和种族社区，这表明调查不同的改善机制的价值。 我们使用来自健康和退休研究（HRS）的八波数据，分为两项研究，以测试 假设研究1检查了2004年9,872名成年人（65岁以上）的数据，他们每两年重新接受一次采访， 14年的观察。研究2使用了2010年9,879名成年人（65岁以上）的信息， 来自2015年和2017年启动的生活史调查的丰富数据。有三个具体目标： 1.研究生命历程压力源和认知能力下降之间关系的差异， ADRD风险的重要标志。 2.确定慢性炎症是否是生命过程压力如何影响认知能力的机制 在黑人、白色和西班牙裔老年人中下降。 3.为了确定潜在地调节生命过程之间关系的生命过程资源 压力源和认知能力下降对于黑人、白色和西班牙裔老年人是不同的。