Examining Flame Retardant Exposure, Neurocognitive Effects, and Resilience Factors in Children from Underserved Racial/Ethnic Backgrounds in Preschool

摘要 来自服务不足种族/民族背景的儿童可能会增加对阻燃剂的暴露 在他们的环境中的化学品，威胁健康和发展，从幼年。尽管国家 由于神经毒性，各国政府已经通过了禁止多溴联苯醚（PBDE）的法律， 来自未得到充分服务的种族/族裔群体的儿童仍然可能接触到多溴二苯醚，初步证据表明， 他们可能比白色儿童接触到更多的多溴二苯醚（例如通过老年人的家庭， 二手和废弃的家具、衣服和床垫）。此外，儿童接触氯化物 有机磷（OPFRs）作为阻燃剂，其对发展的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。 拟议的研究将审查多溴二苯醚和OPFR的个别和累积影响。 此外，关系和社区因素，如社会支持和连通性是预测 健康和保健，特别是那些来自每天都被孤立的服务不足的种族/族裔群体的人 和歧视。研究社会和生物因素对认知能力的共同影响 特别是在环境毒素暴露方面的发展至关重要。在这方面的总体目标 补充补助金的目的是研究阻燃剂暴露方面的种族/民族差异，并量化 阻燃剂暴露和保护因素（关系和社区）对儿童 认知技能（执行功能或EF）。核心假设是， 服务不足的种族/族裔将经历更高水平的多溴二苯醚和OPFR暴露， 预测学前儿童EF技能较低。此外，关系和社区保护因素， 儿童及其父母将预测来自服务不足种族/民族的儿童的EF更高， 用于阻燃剂暴露。本研究将通过其他文献在母研究中进行 审查、分析和指导。本研究的目的扩展了母研究的目的。 预期成果是量化多溴二苯醚和OPFR接触方面的种族/族裔差异， 深入了解这种暴露的潜在神经毒性作用，以及 来自种族/族裔群体的幼儿的关系和社区保护因素， 在历史上被社会忽视。此外，该项目将为独立候选人做好准备。 从事研究保护因素，改善环境的潜在有害影响的职业 来自得不到充分服务的种族/族裔群体的儿童所面临的风险，如文化社会化和文化 身份

ABSTRACT Children from underserved racial/ethnic backgrounds may have elevated exposures to flame retardant chemicals in their environments that threaten health and development from an early age. Although state governments have passed laws which ban polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) due to neurotoxicity, children from underserved racial/ethnic groups may still encounter PBDEs, and preliminary evidence suggests that they may be exposed to larger quantities of PBDEs than White children (for example through older homes, secondhand and discarded furniture, clothing, and mattresses). Moreover, children’s exposure to chlorinated organophosphates (OPFRs) as flame retardants, and their developmental effects remains largely unknown. The proposed study will examine both the individual and cumulative effects of PBDEs and OPFRs. Additionally, relational and community factors such as social support and connectedness are predictive of health and wellness, especially for those from underserved racial/ethnic groups that experience daily isolation and discrimination. Research that examines joint influences of social and biological factors on cognitive development specifically with regard to environmental toxin exposure is essential. The overall objective in this supplementary grant is to examine racial/ethnic disparities in flame retardant exposures, and to quantify the effects of both flame retardant exposure and protective factors (relational and community) on children’s cognitive skills (executive function or EF) during preschool. The central hypothesis is that children with underserved race/ethnicity will experience higher levels of exposure to both PBDEs and OPFRs, which will be predictive of lower EF skills in preschool. Furthermore, relational and community protective factors among children and their parents will predict higher EF for children from underserved race/ethnic groups, controlling for flame retardant exposure. This study will be conducted within the parent study through additional literature review, analysis, and mentoring. The aims of this study expand upon those of the parent study. The expected outcomes are to have quantified racial/ethnic disparities in PBDE and OPFR exposure, and advanced understanding of potentially neurotoxic effects of such exposures, as well as supportive influences of relational and community protective factors among young children from racial/ethnic groups that have historically been underserved by society. Moreover, this project will prepare the candidate for an independent career to conduct research on protective factors that ameliorate potentially deleterious effects of environmental exposures among children from underserved racial/ethnic groups, such as cultural socialization and cultural identity.