Childrens flame retardant exposures measured by passive wristbands: Sex specific associations, social adversity, and socio-cognitive development

项目概要/摘要 生活在美国的儿童经常接触多溴联苯醚（BDE）， 有机磷酸酯基化合物（OPFR）在消费品中用作阻燃剂。而 BDE暴露对儿童神经认知和行为发育的影响进行了研究， 缺乏OPFR暴露对发育影响的数据。然而，毒理学数据表明，OPFR可能是 比溴化二苯醚更具神经毒性。动物模型还表明，社会经验有可能减弱或 缓冲神经毒性化学品对神经认知和行为结果的影响。所以我们提出 一项新的跨学科研究，将提高我们对儿童接触阻燃剂的理解 化合物，以及，研究阻燃剂和不良的社会经验之间的相互作用， 儿童的神经认知、执行功能和行为发展。我们计划招募600人 4-8岁的儿童进入学前班，并跟随他们3年，直到他们从一年级毕业。 在这段时间内发生的发展是相当大的，并与神经发育相对应 与注意力、情绪和行为的自我调节有关。我们将进行重复测量 （1）评估下列人员接触OPFR和溴化二苯醚的情况： 一个多样化的儿童群体，以提高我们的因素，有助于之间和内部的理解， 个体差异，（2）检查OPFR与儿童 4-8岁之间的发展，并检查性别改变这些关联的潜力，以及（3） 研究社会压力对阻燃剂暴露之间关联的调节作用 和儿童的发展。这些目标都围绕着一个中心假设，即儿童具有更高的 暴露于OPFR和/或溴化二苯醚，并表现出较低的神经认知、社会和行为技能。完成 这项拟议中的研究有望提供与阻燃剂相关的人类影响的新数据。 室内环境中常见的化学物质。这些数据可用于通知多管齐下的 公共卫生干预措施，最终将改善儿童的健康和发展。

Project Summary/Abstract Children living in the United States are frequently exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) and organophosphate-based compounds (OPFRs) that are used as flame retardants in consumer goods. While the effects of BDE exposure on children’s neuro-cognitive and behavioral development has been studied, there is a lack of data on the developmental effects of OPFR exposure. Yet, toxicological data suggests that OPFRs may be more neurotoxic than BDEs. Animal models also show that social experiences have the potential to attenuate or buffer the effects of neurotoxic chemicals on neuro-cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Therefore, we propose a new interdisciplinary study that will improve our understanding of children’s exposures to flame retardant compounds, as well as, examine the interplay between flame retardants and adverse social experiences on children’s neuro-cognitive, executive functioning, and behavioral development. We propose to recruit 600 children aged 4-8 years as they enter preschool and follow them for 3 years until they graduate from first grade. The development that occurs during this time period is sizeable and corresponds with neural development associated with self-regulation of attention, emotion, and behavior. We will conduct repeated measurements during this follow up period to accomplish the following aims: (1) assess exposure to OPFRs and BDE among a diverse group of children to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to inter- and intra- individual variability, (2) examine the exposure-response relationship between OPFRs and children’s development between ages 4-8 years, and examine the potential for sex to modify these associations, and (3) examine the moderating influences of social stressors on the association between flame retardant exposures and children’s development. These aims all revolve around a central hypothesis that children with higher exposure to OPFRs and/or BDEs and will show lower neuro-cognitive, social, and behavioral skills. Completion of the proposed research is expected to provide new data on the human effects associated with flame retardant chemicals that are commonly found in the indoor environment. This data can be used to inform multi-pronged public health interventions that would ultimately improve children’s health and development.