Cumulative Effects of Prenatal Stress and Chemical Exposures on Child Development

项目摘要 我们建议将目前在伊利诺伊大学和 加州大学，旧金山弗朗西斯科（UCSF），以形成一个更大的地理，社会经济，种族和 种族多样性队列（ECHO.CA.IL），研究化学品暴露的累积影响， 心理社会压力对出生结果和早期神经发育的影响。我们将重点关注两组高- 生产量内分泌干扰化学品（EDCs）定期检测孕妇， 研究表明可能会影响发育，但关于儿童健康结果的数据很少：酚类 （双酚、二苯甲酮、二氯苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生、三氯卡班）和全氟化烷基 物质（PFAS）。我们将测量慢性压力和弹性的三个指标：1）感知-感知 家庭、邻里和工作环境中的社会地位和压力暴露; 2）基于地点的 - 邻里层面的社会经济地位、公民参与、绿色空间和建成环境;以及3） 生物标志物-母体和脐带白细胞中的端粒长度和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 (CRH)母体血浆中的水平。我们将测量出生结果（出生体重和胎龄）， 将使用创新方法评估基本认知功能，包括工作记忆，注意力， 信息处理和婴儿期和幼儿期的社会认知。我们将讨论三个具体的 目的：（1）评价产前内分泌干扰物暴露与不良出生的关系 结果和后代的认知发展。(2)评估以下指标之间的关系 产前压力和不良出生结果和后代认知发育的措施。 重要的是，为了这个目的，我们还将评估应激反应的生物标志物是否介导了这种关系。 感知和基于地点的压力与发展结果之间的关系。(3)评估产妇是否 压力改变了EDC暴露与不良出生指标之间的观察关系 结果或后代的认知发展。在规划期间，我们将统一数据 收集和管理（包括生物标本、压力测量和出生测量 结果和认知功能），以准备合并我们的两个数据集， 与ECHO数据分析中心共享我们的数据。在UG 3阶段，我们还将积极参与 制定和实施ECHO范围内的研究方案，为以下方面提供专业知识和方法 评估母亲的压力，后代的认知发展和我们的经验整合和协调 我们收集了两个地理位置不同的怀孕队列的数据。总之，我们的创新研究 该方法将通过提供一个框架，将累积的化学品暴露与 慢性心理社会压力和恢复力的来源，以了解复杂的产前 形成婴儿和幼儿期发育结果的病因因素。

PROJECT SUMMARY We propose to integrate two pregnancy cohorts currently under recruitment at the University of Illinois and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) to form a larger geographically, socio-economically, racially and ethnically diverse cohort (ECHO.CA.IL) to study the cumulative impact of chemical exposures and maternal psychosocial stress on birth outcomes and early neurodevelopment. We will focus on two groups of high- production volume endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) regularly detected in pregnant women, which research suggests may impact development, but for which data on child health outcomes is sparse: phenols (bisphenols, benzophenone, dichlorophenols, parabens, triclosan, triclocarban) and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). We will measure three indices of chronic stress and resilience: 1) Perceptual - perceptions of social standing and stress exposures in household, neighborhood, and work environments; 2) Place-based – neighborhood level socioeconomic status, civic engagement, green space and built environment; and 3) Biomarkers - telomere length in maternal and umbilical cord leukocytes and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) levels in maternal plasma. We will measure birth outcomes (birth weight and gestational age) and we will use innovative approaches to assess basic cognitive functions including working memory, attention, information processing, and social cognition in infancy and early childhood. We will address three specific aims: (1) Evaluate the relationship between prenatal exposures to EDCs and measures of adverse birth outcomes and cognitive development of offspring. (2) Evaluate the relationship between measures of prenatal stress and measures of adverse birth outcomes and cognitive development of offspring. Importantly, for this aim we will also assess whether biomarkers of stress response mediate the relationship between perceptual and place-based stress and developmental outcomes. (3) Evaluate whether maternal stress modifies observed relationships between EDC exposures and measures of adverse birth outcomes or cognitive development of offspring. During the planning period, we will harmonize data collection and management (including biospecimens, stress measurements, and measurements of birth outcomes and cognitive functions) across our two cohorts to prepare for merging our two data sets and for sharing our data with the ECHO Data Analysis Center. During UG3 stage we will also actively participate in development and implementation of the ECHO-wide study protocol contributing expertise and methodology for assessing maternal stress, offspring cognitive development and our experiences integrating and harmonizing data collection across our two geographically distinct pregnancy cohorts. In summary, our innovative research approach will contribute to ECHO by providing a framework for integrating cumulative chemical exposures with chronic psychosocial stress and sources of resilience in order to understand the complex set of prenatal etiologic factors that shape developmental outcomes in infancy and early childhood.