Depression Surge in Adolescence & Gender Differences: Biocognitive Mechanisms

青春期抑郁症激增

• 批准号: 7792463
• 负责人: LYN Y ABRAMSON
• 金额: $ 65.42万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-09 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7792463
• 关键词: 12 year old; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; African American; Alleles; Area; Biological; Biological Process; Body Image; Brain; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Competence; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Early treatment; Employee Strikes; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Event; Feedback; Feeling hopeless; Female; Future; Gender; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Genotype; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Mediating; Mental Depression; Minority; Mission; Modeling; Mothers; Motivation; Parenting behavior; Parents; Poverty; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Diagnosis; Psychopathology; Public Health; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sex Characteristics; Short-Term Memory; Staging; Stress; Symptoms; Testing; Theoretical model; Thinking; Time; Youth; body dissatisfaction; boys; depressive symptoms; emotional abuse; ethnic difference; executive function; experience; girls; infancy; innovation; male; peer; peer victimization; prospective; psychologic; public health relevance; racial discrimination; serotonin transporter; stressor; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Why does depression surge so dramatically in adolescence, especially for females? Despite the great scientific and public health significance of this question, the mechanisms underlying the surge in depression and emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence remain elusive. This application is relevant to NIMH's mission to understand the causes of depression in youth, role of minority and gender status in depression, and targets for early intervention. The aims of this application are to examine the generality to African-Americans of this surge in depression and emergence of gender differences as well as to examine the mechanisms underlying these developmental phenomena from the perspective of an innovative genetic-cognitive vulnerability X transactional stress model, embedded within a normative adolescent brain and cognitive development context. To this end, a large-scale prospective, longitudinal study of 600 12-year old community youth (evenly divided between males and females and Caucasians and African-Americans) and their parents will be conducted. Assessments of children's cognitive and genetic (serotonin transporter gene polymorphism; Year 2 only) vulnerability, normative cognitive development, racial identity, and psychiatric diagnoses will be conducted at Time 1 and yearly thereafter. Assessments of psychiatric symptoms, negative life events, hopelessness, emotional abuse and peer victimization, perceived discrimination, body image, and pubertal status will occur every 6 months. In addition, assessments of parental psychopathology and parental cognitive vulnerability will be obtained from Ps' mothers at Time 1. Finally, information about parenting styles and parental inferential feedback will be obtained from Ps' mothers at Time 1 and yearly. Results will have very significant implications for prevention of depression. Knowledge of mechanisms underlying the adolescent surge in depression would suggest interventions for short-circuiting it and the great impairment it portends for young adulthood. Specifically, results will suggest optimal features of preventive interventions for depression in youth regarding: identification of youth to target, timing, psychological or biological processes to target, and interventions for girls vs. boys and African-Americans vs. Caucasians. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application is unique in that it will provide a major prospective study of the generality across ethnic groups of the adolescent surge in depression and emergence of gender differences and test mechanisms underlying these two developmental phenomena from the perspective of an integrated cognitive vulnerability-stress/genetic vulnerability- stress model. In addition, developmental trajectories of executive functions relevant to the genesis of cognitive vulnerability to depression, informed by knowledge of normative adolescent brain and cognitive development, will be examined. By isolating the risk factors and mechanisms underlying the development of depression in adolescence, the project's findings will have significant implications for the prevention of depression, particularly in the area of optimal timing and targeting (i.e., high cognitive and/or genetic risk) of interventions that could be tailored appropriately to address gender and ethnic differences.

描述(申请人提供)：为什么抑郁症在青春期如此剧烈地激增，尤其是对女性？尽管这个问题具有重大的科学和公共卫生意义，但青春期抑郁症激增和出现性别差异的机制仍然难以捉摸。这项申请与NIMH的使命有关，目的是了解青少年抑郁症的原因、少数民族和性别在抑郁症中的作用以及早期干预的目标。这一应用程序的目的是检查这种抑郁症激增和性别差异出现对非裔美国人的共性，并从一个创新的遗传-认知脆弱性X交易应激模型的角度来研究这些发展现象背后的机制，该模型嵌入到一个规范的青少年大脑和认知发展背景中。为此，将对600名12岁社区青年(男性和女性、高加索人和非裔美国人平均分配)及其父母进行大规模前瞻性纵向研究。儿童的认知和遗传(5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性；仅限第二年)脆弱性、标准认知发展、种族认同和精神诊断将在时间1进行评估，此后每年进行。精神症状、负性生活事件、绝望、情感虐待和同伴受害、感知歧视、身体形象和青春期状况的评估每6个月进行一次。此外，父母的心理病理和父母认知脆弱性的评估将在时间1从儿童的母亲那里获得。最后，关于父母教养方式和父母推理反馈的信息将在时间1和每年从儿童的母亲那里获得。这一结果将对抑郁症的预防具有非常重要的意义。了解青春期抑郁症激增的潜在机制将建议采取干预措施，以遏制抑郁症的发展，并预示着青春期抑郁症将受到严重损害。具体地说，结果将提出青年抑郁症预防干预的最佳特征，涉及：确定青年对目标、时间、心理或生物过程目标，以及针对女孩与男孩以及非裔美国人与高加索人的干预。公共卫生相关性：这项应用的独特之处在于，它将从一个综合的认知脆弱性-压力/遗传脆弱性-压力模型的角度，提供一项关于青少年抑郁激增和性别差异出现的跨种族群体的普遍性的重大前瞻性研究，并测试这两种发展现象背后的机制。此外，还将研究与抑郁症认知易感性的起源有关的执行功能的发展轨迹，了解正常青少年大脑和认知发展的知识。通过隔离青春期抑郁的潜在风险因素和机制，该项目的研究结果将对预防抑郁症产生重大影响，特别是在最佳时机和干预目标(即高认知和/或遗传风险)领域，这些干预可以适当地量身定做，以解决性别和种族差异。