Multimedia First Aid Program for Families

描述（由申请人提供）：意外伤害是14岁以下儿童和婴儿死亡的主要原因。其中许多死亡是可以预防的——不仅通过安装安全门和有效使用汽车座椅等预防行为，而且通过及时有效的紧急急救技术，直到高级护理到来。虽然美国红十字会等项目为家庭提供由教师指导的课程来获得这些技能，但许多积极的父母、监护人和其他照顾者由于难以获得和安排儿童保育和交通工具而无法参加这些课程。因此，许多家庭没有急救技能，或依靠民间偏方或电视提供急救指导。此外，急救技能的保留很差，如果需要这些技能，频繁的技能审查对于优化性能至关重要。为了接触到这些服务不足的人群并提高技能的留存率，需要制定计划，让家庭按照自己的时间表学习技能，并在需要时复习相关材料。本计划建议为家庭制作一个多媒体急救培训课程，可在互联网/内部网、CD-ROM或DVD格式中观看。该计划将涵盖儿科生命支持（缓解异物气道阻塞、抢救呼吸和心肺复苏术）、控制出血和休克、处理烧伤和其他急救紧急情况等基础知识。该项目将对家庭进行应急响应技术培训，这些技术有可能挽救生命，降低儿童受伤的严重程度。在第一阶段，为一岁以下婴儿的家庭开发了一个基于互联网的原型程序。它涵盖了美国心脏协会规定的基本生命支持（BLS）技能。第一阶段计划的有效性在91名家长的3条件随机对照试验中进行了测试，发现比面对面培训计划更有效，明显比基于文本的计划更有效。在第二阶段，该计划将扩大到包括三个年龄组（即1岁以下、1-8岁和9-12岁），并涵盖心肺复苏术和急救技能。整个项目将在两项随机试验中进行评估：(a)基于互联网的大型“真实世界”有效性评估，(b)第一阶段研究的复制研究，该研究将交互式多媒体项目与基于文本的项目和教师主导的项目进行比较，使用直接观察评估CPR技能。公共卫生相关性：意外伤害是14岁以下儿童和婴儿死亡的主要原因。其中许多死亡是可以预防的，部分原因是通过促进伤害预防行为，但也可以通过管理有效的紧急急救技术，直到高级护理到来。该项目建议为家庭创建一个多媒体急救培训项目，该项目可以通过互联网/内部网、CD-ROM或DVD格式观看，其最终目标是提供救生技能，以减少儿童意外伤害的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children and infants under 14 years of age. Many of these deaths are preventable -not only by prevention behaviors such as installing safety gates and using car seats effectively - but also by administering prompt and effective emergency first aid techniques until advanced care arrives. While programs such as the American Red Cross offer instructor-led courses for families to obtain these skills, many motivated parents, guardians and other caregivers are unable to attend these classes due to difficulties in obtaining and scheduling childcare and transportation. Thus, many families have no first aid skills or rely on folk remedies or television to provide first aid instruction. Additionally, retention of first aid skills is poor and frequent skill reviews are essential to optimizing performance should these skills be needed. In order to reach this underserved population and boost retention of skills, programs are needed that allow families to learn skills on their own schedules, and review pertinent materials when needed. This project proposes to create a multimedia first aid training program for families that can be viewed in Internet/intranet, CD-ROM or DVD formats. The program will cover such basics as pediatric life support (relief of foreign body airway obstruction, rescue breathing, and CPR), controlling bleeding and shock, managing burns and other first aid emergencies. This program will train families in emergency response techniques that could potentially save lives and reduce the severity of outcome from childhood injuries. In Phase I, a prototype Internet-based program was developed for families of children of infants under one- year old. It covered Basic Life Support (BLS) skills as set forth by the American Heart Association. The efficacy of the Phase I program was tested in a 3-condition randomized controlled trial with 91 parents and found to be more effective than an in-person training program and significantly more effective than text-based programs. In Phase II the program will be expanded to include three age groups (i.e., less than 1, 1-8 years, and 9-12 years) and cover both CPR and first aid skills. The entire program will be evaluated in two randomized trials: (a) a large Internet-based "real-world" effectiveness evaluation, and (b) a replication study of the Phase I study, which compared the interactive multimedia program to a text-based program and to a teacher-led program, using direct observation assessment of CPR skills. Public Health Relevance: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children and infants under 14 years of age. Many of these deaths are preventable, in part by promoting injury prevention behaviors but also by administering effective emergency first aid techniques until advanced care arrives. This project proposes to create a multimedia first aid training program for families that can be viewed in Internet/intranet, CD-ROM or DVD formats, with the ultimate goal of providing life-saving skills to reduce the impact of unintentional pediatric injuries.