Object Concepts

对象概念

• 批准号: 8130384
• 负责人: SHARON L THOMPSONSCHILL
• 金额: $ 39.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8130384
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adopted; Appearance; Artificial Intelligence; Attention; Back; Behavioral; Books; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Collection; Color; Diagnostic; Educational process of instructing; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Methods; Metric; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Pattern; Perception; Procedures; Process; Property; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Shapes; Sleep; Solutions; Testing; Thinking; Training; Variant; Visual; Work; austin; base; behavior measurement; experience; innovation; insight; meetings; mental representation; novel; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): What does it mean to know something about the world? Central to any theory of knowledge is a theory of concepts, those mental representations that allow us to categorize information in the world. In this project, we attempt to understand concepts by studying their neural instantiation. The central aim of this project is to advance our understanding of the neural representation of concepts via a characterization of similarity. The broader goal of this research program is to develop a strategy for understanding the neural representation of all types of knowledge; however, to make this problem more tractable, we are focusing on a specific type of concept - concrete objects - and on a particular type of knowledge about those concepts - their visual appearance. Specifically, (1) We aim to describe the neural representation of object concepts by characterizing neural tuning to features in a multidimensional similarity space; (2) We aim to examine variation in the neural representations of object concepts, across concepts, across individuals, and across attentional states; (3) We aim to explore to role of sleep-dependent consolidation processes in the acquisition of new object concept knowledge; (4) We aim to develop innovative methods for the characterization of neural similarity more generally. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Without concepts, we would be unable to make sense of the infinite variation in the world. Concepts organize our experiences, and they alter perception, memory, language, and action. The goal of this project is to understand the way in which conceptual knowledge is organized and the manner in which it is implemented in the brain. We will apply innovative neuroscientific methods to discover how we learn about the objects around us and how we access that information when remembering those objects.

描述(申请人提供)：了解这个世界意味着什么？任何知识论的核心都是一种概念理论，即那些允许我们对世界上的信息进行分类的精神表征。在这个项目中，我们试图通过研究概念的神经实例化来理解概念。这个项目的中心目标是通过描述相似性来促进我们对概念的神经表示的理解。这个研究计划的更广泛的目标是开发一种理解所有类型知识的神经表示的策略；然而，为了使这个问题更容易处理，我们将重点放在特定类型的概念--具体对象--以及关于这些概念的特定类型的知识--它们的视觉外观上。具体地说，(1)我们的目标是通过表征神经对多维相似空间中特征的调节来描述对象概念的神经表征；(2)我们的目标是考察对象概念的神经表征在跨概念、跨个体和跨注意状态的差异；(3)我们的目标是探索睡眠依赖的巩固过程在获取新的对象概念知识中的作用；(4)我们的目标是开发更广泛地表征神经相似性的创新方法。 公共卫生相关性：没有概念，我们就无法理解世界上的无限变化。概念组织了我们的经验，它们改变了感知、记忆、语言和行动。这个项目的目标是了解概念性知识是如何组织的，以及它是如何在大脑中实施的。我们将应用创新的神经科学方法来发现我们如何了解周围的物体，以及我们如何在记住这些物体时获取这些信息。