Spontaneous Code Switching

自发代码切换

• 批准号: 8902239
• 负责人: SHARON L THOMPSONSCHILL
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-05 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8902239
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Brain; Brain region; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Cues; Development; Event; Exploratory/Developmental Grant; Eye; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Individual Differences; Instruction; Label; Language; Latino; Learning; Linguistics; Liquid substance; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Names; Nature; Neurobiology; Participant; Phase; Population; Process; Production; Psycholinguistics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Risk; Science; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Uncertainty; Visual; bilingualism; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; cost; design; experience; handbook; innovation; insight; member; movie; natural language; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; phrases; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many highly proficient bilinguals engage in spontaneous code-switching, fluidly alternating between their two languages when conversing with each other. Experimental methods that have investigated language switching in bilinguals consistently reveal costs (i.e. longer naming times) to switching. The experimental evidence stands at odds with the seamless integration and frequency of use of both languages in spontaneous code-switching. This proposal aims to investigate the cognitive and neural processes that support the ability to integrate both languages during speaking and listening. In so doing, we will develop a new fMRI method that makes use a referential communication task with an experimenter-confederate. A developmental phase with English monolinguals will refine and optimize the methodological parameters and analyses of the new method. Experiment 1 will use this new conversational paradigm to test Spanish-English bilinguals who are also members of the U.S. Latino population. Bilingual subjects will complete the referential communication task with a bilingual experimenter from the same population thus setting an appropriate conversation context for spontaneous code-switching. Analyses will investigate the neural correlates of the production and comprehension of spontaneous code-switching. In Experiment 2, the same bilingual individuals will complete a cued language switching task also with fMRI. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 will be analyzed to compare the neural overlap between spontaneous code-switching and cued language switching. The development of a new neuroimaging technique that focuses on spontaneous conversation in bilinguals will significantly contribute to the methodological tools available to language researchers generally, and more importantly, it will broaden the research focus to minority language and dialect speech acts that have been underrepresented in the language sciences.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多高度熟练的双语者参与自发的代码转换，在彼此交谈时在两种语言之间流畅地交替。研究双语者语言转换的实验方法一致地揭示了转换的成本（即更长的命名时间）。实验证据与两种语言在自发语码转换中的无缝融合和使用频率不一致。该提案旨在研究支持在听说过程中整合两种语言的能力的认知和神经过程。在这样做的过程中，我们将开发一种新的功能磁共振成像方法，使使用一个参考的通信任务与实验者同盟。英语单语者的发展阶段将完善和优化新方法的方法参数和分析。实验1将使用这种新的对话范式来测试西班牙语-英语双语者，他们也是美国拉丁裔人口的成员。双语受试者将与来自同一人群的双语实验者完成参照交际任务，从而为自发语码转换设置合适的会话语境。分析将探讨自发语码转换的产生和理解的神经相关因素。在实验2中，同样的双语个体将完成一个线索语言转换任务，也与fMRI。实验一和实验二的结果将被分析以比较自发语码转换和线索语言转换之间的神经重叠。发展一种新的神经成像技术，专注于双语者的自发对话将显着有助于语言研究者普遍提供的方法工具，更重要的是，它将扩大研究重点，少数民族语言和方言言语行为，一直在语言科学中代表性不足。