Spontaneous Code Switching

自发代码切换

• 批准号: 8902239
• 负责人: SHARON L THOMPSONSCHILL
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-05 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8902239
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Brain; Brain region; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Cues; Development; Event; Exploratory/Developmental Grant; Eye; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Individual Differences; Instruction; Label; Language; Latino; Learning; Linguistics; Liquid substance; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Names; Nature; Neurobiology; Participant; Phase; Population; Process; Production; Psycholinguistics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Risk; Science; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Uncertainty; Visual; bilingualism; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; cost; design; experience; handbook; innovation; insight; member; movie; natural language; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; phrases; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many highly proficient bilinguals engage in spontaneous code-switching, fluidly alternating between their two languages when conversing with each other. Experimental methods that have investigated language switching in bilinguals consistently reveal costs (i.e. longer naming times) to switching. The experimental evidence stands at odds with the seamless integration and frequency of use of both languages in spontaneous code-switching. This proposal aims to investigate the cognitive and neural processes that support the ability to integrate both languages during speaking and listening. In so doing, we will develop a new fMRI method that makes use a referential communication task with an experimenter-confederate. A developmental phase with English monolinguals will refine and optimize the methodological parameters and analyses of the new method. Experiment 1 will use this new conversational paradigm to test Spanish-English bilinguals who are also members of the U.S. Latino population. Bilingual subjects will complete the referential communication task with a bilingual experimenter from the same population thus setting an appropriate conversation context for spontaneous code-switching. Analyses will investigate the neural correlates of the production and comprehension of spontaneous code-switching. In Experiment 2, the same bilingual individuals will complete a cued language switching task also with fMRI. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 will be analyzed to compare the neural overlap between spontaneous code-switching and cued language switching. The development of a new neuroimaging technique that focuses on spontaneous conversation in bilinguals will significantly contribute to the methodological tools available to language researchers generally, and more importantly, it will broaden the research focus to minority language and dialect speech acts that have been underrepresented in the language sciences.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多精通两种语言的人会自发地进行语码转换，在两种语言之间流畅地进行交流。研究双语者语言转换的实验方法一致地揭示了语言转换的代价（即更长的命名时间）。实验证据与自发语码转换中两种语言的无缝整合和使用频率不一致。本研究旨在探讨在听说过程中支持两种语言整合能力的认知和神经过程。在此过程中，我们将开发一种新的功能磁共振成像方法，该方法利用与实验者-同伙的参考通信任务。英语单语者的发展阶段将完善和优化新方法的方法学参数和分析。实验1将使用这种新的会话范式来测试西班牙语-英语双语者，他们也是美国拉丁裔人口的成员。双语被试将与来自同一群体的双语实验者完成参照交际任务，从而为自发的语码转换设定合适的会话语境。分析将探讨自发语码转换产生和理解的神经关联。在实验2中，同样会说两种语言的人将用功能磁共振成像完成提示语言转换任务。我们将分析实验1和实验2的结果，比较自发语码转换和提示语言转换之间的神经重叠。一种关注双语者自发对话的新型神经成像技术的发展将为语言研究人员提供广泛可用的方法工具，更重要的是，它将把研究重点扩大到语言科学中代表性不足的少数民族语言和方言言语行为。