Spontaneous Code Switching

自发代码切换

• 批准号: 8770202
• 负责人: SHARON L THOMPSONSCHILL
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-05 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8770202
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Brain; Brain region; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Cues; Development; Event; Exploratory/Developmental Grant; Eye; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Hispanics; Individual; Individual Differences; Instruction; Label; Language; Latino; Learning; Linguistics; Liquid substance; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Names; Nature; Neurobiology; Participant; Phase; Population; Process; Production; Psycholinguistics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Risk; Science; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Uncertainty; Visual; bilingualism; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cost; design; experience; handbook; innovation; insight; member; movie; natural language; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; phrases; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many highly proficient bilinguals engage in spontaneous code-switching, fluidly alternating between their two languages when conversing with each other. Experimental methods that have investigated language switching in bilinguals consistently reveal costs (i.e. longer naming times) to switching. The experimental evidence stands at odds with the seamless integration and frequency of use of both languages in spontaneous code-switching. This proposal aims to investigate the cognitive and neural processes that support the ability to integrate both languages during speaking and listening. In so doing, we will develop a new fMRI method that makes use a referential communication task with an experimenter-confederate. A developmental phase with English monolinguals will refine and optimize the methodological parameters and analyses of the new method. Experiment 1 will use this new conversational paradigm to test Spanish-English bilinguals who are also members of the U.S. Latino population. Bilingual subjects will complete the referential communication task with a bilingual experimenter from the same population thus setting an appropriate conversation context for spontaneous code-switching. Analyses will investigate the neural correlates of the production and comprehension of spontaneous code-switching. In Experiment 2, the same bilingual individuals will complete a cued language switching task also with fMRI. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 will be analyzed to compare the neural overlap between spontaneous code-switching and cued language switching. The development of a new neuroimaging technique that focuses on spontaneous conversation in bilinguals will significantly contribute to the methodological tools available to language researchers generally, and more importantly, it will broaden the research focus to minority language and dialect speech acts that have been underrepresented in the language sciences.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多高度熟练的双语者从事自发的代码开关，在彼此交流时在两种语言之间流动交替。研究双语者语言转换的实验方法始终揭示成本（即更长的命名时间）转换为切换。实验证据与自发代码转换中两种语言的无缝集成和使用频率息息相关。该建议旨在调查支持在讲话和聆听过程中融合两种语言的能力的认知和神经过程。这样一来，我们将开发一种新的fMRI方法，该方法可以使用实验者征服者使用参考通信任务。具有英语单语言的发展阶段将完善并优化新方法的方法论参数和分析。实验1将使用这种新的对话范式测试西班牙语英语双语者，他们也是美国拉丁裔人口的成员。双语主题将通过来自同一人群的双语实验者完成参考通信任务，从而为自发的代码转换设置适当的对话上下文。分析将研究自发代码转换生产和理解的神经相关性。在实验2中，同样的双语个人也将通过fMRI完成提示的语言切换任务。实验1和2的结果将进行分析，以比较自发代码转换和提示语言切换之间的神经重叠。一种专注于双语者自发对话的新神经影像技术的发展将极大地促进语言研究人员可用的方法论工具，更重要的是，它将研究重点扩大到少数派语言和方言语音行为，而语言科学中的代表性不足。