Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Intervention to Increase Safety

描述（由申请人提供）：分心的行人行为：使用虚拟现实来提高安全性美国平均每年有4700多名行人死亡，其中10%是17- 25岁的年轻人。值得关注的是，美国的行人受伤率在过去十年中呈上升趋势，部分原因可能是行人和司机使用移动终端分散注意力的比率飙升。我们提出了一个重复测量的实验研究试验，以评估经验干预，以减少分心的行人行为在城市大学校园。干预有两个主要目标：（a）增加个人在分心时过马路时对伤害的感知脆弱性/易感性，以及（B）改变社区规范，使过马路时将手机放在一边成为规范。我们将通过一项干预措施来实现这些目标，该干预措施的特点是创新的体验策略，即允许个人在虚拟行人环境的安全范围内参与目标风险行为，即在过马路时被短信分心。我们希望在模拟中经历分心与不分心行人行为风险的个人能够自我检查并改变他们在真实的世界中的行为。的 将在教学楼内开展为期一周的活动，进行干预。我们期望在校园内创造一种“嗡嗡声”，通过社会传染有效地改变规范行为，并实现与健康相关的行为改变。两种数据收集战略将评价结果：（a）在干预前和干预后，对行人的行为进行了三次不显眼的观察（立即、3个月随访、6个月随访）在目标干预校园以及未暴露于干预的对照校园，和（B）自我报告有关感知脆弱性/易受分心行人伤害和典型的行人行为，从一个随机选择的子-在实施干预措施的校园内，对300名个人进行了三次评估（干预前、干预后、3个月随访）。将使用线性混合模型进行主要分析，以评估随时间推移的趋势。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Using Virtual Reality to Increase Safety An average of over 4700 American pedestrians die annually, 10% of whom are young adults ages 17- 25. Of concern, the pedestrian injury rate in the United States shows an increasing trend the past decade, perhaps partly due to the skyrocketing rate of distracting mobile device use by pedestrians and drivers. We propose a repeated measures experimental research trial to evaluate an experiential intervention to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior on an urban college campus. The intervention has two primary goals: (a) to increase individual's perceived vulnerability/susceptibility to injury when crossing streets while distracted and (b) to change community norms such that it becomes normative to put one's phone aside while crossing streets. We will accomplish these goals through an intervention hallmarked by the innovative experiential strategy of allowing individuals to engage in the target risk behavior, street-crossing while distracted by text- messaging, within the safety of a virtual pedestrian environment. We expect individuals who experience the risk of distracted versus undistracted pedestrian behavior in simulation will self-examine and alter their behavior in the real world. The intervention will take place during a weeklong campaign based in classroom buildings. We expect to create a "buzz" on campus that alters normative behavior and accomplishes health- related behavior change via social contagion efficiently and effectively. Two data collection strategies will evaluate outcomes: (a) unobtrusive observation of pedestrian behavior both pre-intervention and on three occasions post-intervention (immediate, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up) on the target intervention campus and also at a control campus not exposed to the intervention, and (b) self-report concerning perceived vulnerability/susceptibility of distracted pedestrian injury and typical pedestrian behaviors from a randomly selected sub-sample of 300 individuals assessed on three occasions (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 3 month follow-up) at the campus where the intervention is implemented. Primary analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models to assess trends over time.