Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Intervention to Increase Safety

描述（由申请人提供）：分心的行人行为：使用虚拟现实提高安全性平均每年有超过4700名美国行人死亡，其中10%是17- 25岁的年轻人。值得关注的是，美国的行人受伤率在过去十年中呈上升趋势，部分原因可能是行人和司机使用移动设备分散注意力的比例飙升。我们提出了一个重复测量的实验研究试验，以评估经验干预，以减少在城市大学校园分心的行人行为。干预有两个主要目标：(a)增加个人在分心过马路时对伤害的感知脆弱性/易感性；(b)改变社区规范，使过马路时把手机放在一边成为规范。我们将通过一种以创新的体验策略为标志的干预来实现这些目标，这种策略允许个人在虚拟行人环境的安全范围内从事目标风险行为，即在被短信分散注意力的情况下过马路。我们希望那些在模拟中经历过分心和不分心行人行为风险的人会自我检查并改变他们在现实世界中的行为。这个

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Using Virtual Reality to Increase Safety An average of over 4700 American pedestrians die annually, 10% of whom are young adults ages 17- 25. Of concern, the pedestrian injury rate in the United States shows an increasing trend the past decade, perhaps partly due to the skyrocketing rate of distracting mobile device use by pedestrians and drivers. We propose a repeated measures experimental research trial to evaluate an experiential intervention to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior on an urban college campus. The intervention has two primary goals: (a) to increase individual's perceived vulnerability/susceptibility to injury when crossing streets while distracted and (b) to change community norms such that it becomes normative to put one's phone aside while crossing streets. We will accomplish these goals through an intervention hallmarked by the innovative experiential strategy of allowing individuals to engage in the target risk behavior, street-crossing while distracted by text- messaging, within the safety of a virtual pedestrian environment. We expect individuals who experience the risk of distracted versus undistracted pedestrian behavior in simulation will self-examine and alter their behavior in the real world. The intervention will take place during a weeklong campaign based in classroom buildings. We expect to create a "buzz" on campus that alters normative behavior and accomplishes health- related behavior change via social contagion efficiently and effectively. Two data collection strategies will evaluate outcomes: (a) unobtrusive observation of pedestrian behavior both pre-intervention and on three occasions post-intervention (immediate, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up) on the target intervention campus and also at a control campus not exposed to the intervention, and (b) self-report concerning perceived vulnerability/susceptibility of distracted pedestrian injury and typical pedestrian behaviors from a randomly selected sub-sample of 300 individuals assessed on three occasions (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 3 month follow-up) at the campus where the intervention is implemented. Primary analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models to assess trends over time.