Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Intervention to Increase Safety

描述(由申请人提供)：分心的行人行为：使用虚拟现实提高安全性平均每年有4700多名美国行人死亡，其中10%是17-25岁的年轻人。令人担忧的是，过去十年，美国的行人伤害率呈上升趋势，部分原因可能是行人和司机使用移动设备分散注意力的速度飙升。我们提出了一项重复措施的实验研究试验，以评估经验式干预减少城市大学校园行人分心行为的效果。这项干预措施有两个主要目标：(A)增加个人在分心时过马路时易受伤害的感觉；(B)改变社区规范，使过马路时把手机放在一边成为常态。我们将通过以创新体验战略为标志的干预措施来实现这些目标，该战略允许个人在虚拟行人环境的安全范围内，在因发短信而分心的情况下进行目标风险行为。我们预计，在模拟中经历分心与不分心行人行为风险的人将自我检查并改变他们在现实世界中的行为。这个 干预将在为期一周的以教室建筑为基础的运动中进行。我们希望在校园里制造一种“嗡嗡声”，改变规范的行为，并通过社会传染高效地完成与健康相关的行为改变。两种数据收集策略将评估结果：(A)在目标干预校园和未接触干预的对照校园中，对干预前和干预后三次(即时、3个月随访、6个月随访)的行人行为进行不显眼的观察，以及(B)在实施干预的校园对300人进行三次(干预前、干预后、3个月随访)评估的随机抽样的关于分心行人伤害的易损性/易感性和典型行人行为的自我报告。初步分析将使用线性混合模型来评估一段时间内的趋势。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Distracted Pedestrian Behavior: Using Virtual Reality to Increase Safety An average of over 4700 American pedestrians die annually, 10% of whom are young adults ages 17- 25. Of concern, the pedestrian injury rate in the United States shows an increasing trend the past decade, perhaps partly due to the skyrocketing rate of distracting mobile device use by pedestrians and drivers. We propose a repeated measures experimental research trial to evaluate an experiential intervention to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior on an urban college campus. The intervention has two primary goals: (a) to increase individual's perceived vulnerability/susceptibility to injury when crossing streets while distracted and (b) to change community norms such that it becomes normative to put one's phone aside while crossing streets. We will accomplish these goals through an intervention hallmarked by the innovative experiential strategy of allowing individuals to engage in the target risk behavior, street-crossing while distracted by text- messaging, within the safety of a virtual pedestrian environment. We expect individuals who experience the risk of distracted versus undistracted pedestrian behavior in simulation will self-examine and alter their behavior in the real world. The intervention will take place during a weeklong campaign based in classroom buildings. We expect to create a "buzz" on campus that alters normative behavior and accomplishes health- related behavior change via social contagion efficiently and effectively. Two data collection strategies will evaluate outcomes: (a) unobtrusive observation of pedestrian behavior both pre-intervention and on three occasions post-intervention (immediate, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up) on the target intervention campus and also at a control campus not exposed to the intervention, and (b) self-report concerning perceived vulnerability/susceptibility of distracted pedestrian injury and typical pedestrian behaviors from a randomly selected sub-sample of 300 individuals assessed on three occasions (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 3 month follow-up) at the campus where the intervention is implemented. Primary analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models to assess trends over time.