Mapping the Human Connectome During Typical Development

 描述（由申请人提供）：作为人类连接组项目（HCP）的一部分，人类大脑成像的主要技术和分析进展使得能够以前所未有的空间和时间分辨率水平检查大脑的结构和功能连接。这些信息对于我们理解成人大脑连接的规范性变化至关重要。现在是时候使用HCP开发的工具和分析方法来了解大脑的结构和功能布线是如何发展的。使用最先进的HCP成像方法将使研究人员能够将我们目前对正常大脑发育的有限理解推向新的水平。这些知识将为针对众所周知的公共卫生问题（例如，神经和精神疾病、贫困）。迄今为止，大多数发育连接性研究都使用了相当粗糙的分辨率，本质上不是多模式的，并且很少有研究使用可比方法来评估足够宽年龄范围内的个体，以真正捕捉发育过程（例如，从童年到青春期）。在这里，我们提出了一个财团的五个网站（哈佛，牛津大学，加州大学洛杉矶分校，明尼苏达大学，华盛顿大学），在脑成像和神经发育，包括许多研究人员从成人和飞行员的寿命HCP的努力，具有广泛的互补的专业知识。我们将哈佛-MGH和WU-MINN-OXFORD HCP的进步与儿童和青少年大脑发育方面的尖端专业知识相结合，将使我们对人类大脑连接的规范发展的理解取得重大进展。由此产生的独特资源将提供关于几个生物和认知结构的丰富的多模态数据，这些数据对该年龄段的健康和福祉至关重要，并允许社区中的广泛研究人员获得有关大脑发育和连接的新见解。目标1将是在广泛使用的Prisma平台上优化现有的HCP寿命试点项目方案，以尊重研究广泛年龄范围内健康儿童和青少年的实际限制，并将收集原始Skyra和拟议Prisma HCP方案的匹配数据集，作为过去和现在努力之间的关键。目标2将收集1500个高质量的神经成像和相关的行为数据集的健康儿童和青少年在5-21岁的年龄范围内，使用匹配的协议跨站点，使强大的表征与年龄相关的网络属性的变化，包括连接性，网络完整性，在任务中的响应属性，和行为。目标3将是收集和分析纵向子样本，任务和表型的措施，构成密集的子研究的拐点内特定的发展阶段的健康相关的行为变化。目标4将利用我们在HCP中共享数据的成功，并使用已建立的工具、平台和程序，通过Connectome协调设施（CCF）提供所有数据。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The major technological and analytical advances in human brain imaging achieved as part of the Human Connectome Projects (HCP) enable examination of structural and functional brain connectivity at unprecedented levels of spatial and temporal resolution. This information is proving crucial to our understanding of normative variation in adult brain connectivity. It is now timely to use the tools and analytical approaches developed by the HCP to understand how structural and functional wiring of the brain develops. Using state-of-the art HCP imaging approaches will allow investigators to push our currently limited understanding of normative brain development to new levels. This knowledge will critically inform prevention and intervention efforts targeting well known public health concerns (e.g., neurological and psychiatric disorders, poverty). The majority of developmental connectivity studies to date have used fairly coarse resolution, have not been multi-modal in nature, and few studies have used comparable methods to assess individuals across a sufficiently wide age range to truly capture developmental processes (e.g., early childhood through adolescence). Here we propose a consortium of five sites (Harvard, Oxford, UCLA, University of Minnesota, Washington University), with extensive complimentary expertise in brain imaging and neural development, including many of the investigators from the adult and pilot lifespan HCP efforts. Our synergistic integration of advances from the HARVARD-MGH and WU-MINN-OXFORD HCPs with cutting edge expertise in child and adolescent brain development will enable major advances in our understanding of the normative development of human brain connectivity. The resultant unique resource will provide rich, multimodal data on several biological and cognitive constructs that are of critical importance to health and well-being across this age range and allow a wide range of investigators in the community to gain new insights about brain development and connectivity. Aim 1 will be to optimize existing HCP Lifespan Pilot project protocols on the widely available Prisma platform to respect practical constraints in studying healthy children and adolescents over a wide age range and will also collect a matched set of data on the original Skyra and proposed Prisma HCP protocols to serve as a linchpin between the past and present efforts. Aim 2 will be to collect 1500 high quality neuroimaging and associated behavioral datasets on healthy children and adolescents in the age range of 5-21, using matched protocols across sites, enabling robust characterization of age-related changes in network properties including connectivity, network integrity, response properties during tasks, and behavior. Aim 3 will be to collect and analyze longitudinal subsamples, task, and phenotypic measures that constitute intensive sub-studies of inflection points of health-relevant behavioral changes within specific developmental phases. Aim 4 will capitalize on our success in sharing data in the HCP, and use established tools, platforms and procedures to make all data publically available through the Connectome Coordinating Facility (CCF).