Adjustment Problems and Substance Use in 3 Generations

描述（由申请人提供）：三代研究我们建议研究酒精、烟草和其他药物使用（ATOD）在三代（G1、G2和G3）中的代际传递。我们将在三代研究（3GS）中使用儿童，这是一个社区样本，由俄勒冈青年研究（OYS）中高危早期成年男性（G2）的两个亲生子女（G3）组成。将评估G3的ATOD的多个指标，包括开始使用的年龄和青春期早期到中期的使用增长。一个动态的发展系统的方法侧重于一般途径精神病理学和结果特定的风险因素将被用来检查前体的发展途径（例如，ATOD意识）和这些行为的出现从幼儿到青少年。关于ATOD发生和发展的跨代一致性的假设也将被检查，以及环境风险和问题行为在三代之间的传递，以及父母行为和同伴影响在两代之间的传递。此外，ATOD在三个公共卫生问题病因学中的作用；即对危害健康的性行为、自杀念头和行为以及约会暴力进行测试。OYS男性显示出高水平的反社会行为（25岁时，42%有两次或两次以上被捕）和药物使用（估计50%的人一生中被诊断为酒精依赖或滥用，50%的人在25岁左右吸食大麻）。这些男性目前的年龄为36-38岁，从G2男性9-10岁开始，他们就和父母（G1）一起参加了OYS。具体目标将通过收集和分析数据来实现，这些数据将扩大早期时间点（3至11岁）的样本量，并将研究范围扩大到19-20岁。此外，我们将从拟议研究期开始对OYS、OYS- couples研究和3GS现有数据集进行二次数据分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three Generational Study We proposes to study intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATOD) across three generations (G1, G2, and G3). We will use children in the Three Generational Study (3GS), a community sample consisting of up to two of the biological children (G3) of at-risk early adult men (G2) in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS). Multiple indicators of ATOD in G3 will be assessed, including age of onset of use and growth in use over early to midadolescence. A dynamic developmental systems approach focusing on both general pathway psychopathology and outcome-specific risk factors will be used to examine the developmental pathways of precursors (e.g., ATOD awareness) and of the emergence of these behaviors from early childhood to adolescence. Hypotheses regarding cross-generational congruence in the onset and growth of ATOD also will be examined, as well as the transmission of contextual risk and problematic behaviors across three generations, and parenting behaviors and peer influences across two generations. Additionally, the role of ATOD in the etiology of three public health problems; namely health-risking sexual behavior, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and dating violence will be tested. The OYS men show high levels of antisocial behavior (at age 25 years, 42% had two or more arrests) and substance use (estimated 50% lifetime diagnoses for alcohol dependence or abuse and 50% prevalence of marijuana use in the mid 20s). The men are currently ages 36-38 years and, with their parents (G1), have been involved in the OYS since the G2 men were ages 9-10 years. Specific Aims will be addressed through the collection and analysis of data that will expand the sample size for the early time points (ages 3 to 11 years) and extend the study to ages 19-20 years. Additionally, we will undertake secondary data analysis of the OYS, OYS-Couples Study, and 3GS extant data sets from the beginning of the proposed study period.