Latitudinal variation in population ecology of neotropical migrant shorebirds

新热带候鸟鸻鹬种群生态的纬度变化

• 批准号: 3468-2006
• 负责人: Nol, Erica
• 金额: $ 1.94万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362761
• 关键词: Latitudinal; variation; population; ecology; neotropical

Key questions in the study of the evolution of bird migration and conservation biology include understanding the causes of intraspecific variation in breeding and non-breeding ranges, associated with wide variation in distances flown between these sites. This variation can have important consequences for vital rates and population dynamics.  My previous research has focused on intensive studies at several locations, where I have documented individual-based variation in habitat use, behaviour, and population dynamics, both among and within species of migratory birds. I plan to expand this research to examine underlying reasons for latitudinal variation in these features of shorebird (SO: Charadrii) biology. The study species breed in Arctic Canada, a region that is predicted to be critically affected by climate change. Plovers spend the non-breeding season  from southern United States to northeastern Brazil.  I propose to sustain an intensive long-term study of breeding Semipalmated Plovers at Churchill, Manitoba, to further work on plovers and Red-necked Phalaropes at three other arctic breeding locations along a latitudinal gradient (Southampton and Akimiski Islands, NU and the Mackenzie Delta, NWT), (3) initiate several studies of migrating shorebirds at three Canadian and American migratory locations, and (4) further work on plovers across a latitudinal gradient at three non-breeding locations including southeastern U.S., Cuba and northeastern Brazil. This information will assist in understanding why particular breeding and non-breeding locations are critical for maintaining two of the many declining Canadian shorebird species.

鸟类迁徙和保护生物学进化研究中的关键问题包括了解繁殖和非繁殖范围内种内变异的原因，这些地点之间的飞行距离变化很大。这种变化可能对生命率和种群动态产生重要影响。我以前的研究集中在几个地点的深入研究，在那里我记录了基于个体的栖息地利用，行为和种群动态的变化，包括候鸟之间和内部的物种。我计划扩大这项研究，以研究滨鸟（SO：Charadrii）生物学这些特征的纬度变化的根本原因。研究物种在加拿大北极地区繁殖，该地区预计将受到气候变化的严重影响。从美国南部到巴西东北部的地区都有非繁殖季节的滨鹬。我建议在马尼托巴的丘吉尔进行一项深入的半棕榈滨鹬繁殖长期研究，并在沿着纬度梯度的其他三个北极繁殖地点进一步研究滨鹬和红颈凤头鹬（南安普顿和阿基米斯基群岛，NU和麦肯齐三角洲，NWT），（3）在加拿大和美国的三个迁徙地点开展几项迁徙滨鸟的研究，以及（4）在三个非繁殖地点（包括美国东南部，古巴和巴西东北部。这些信息将有助于理解为什么特定的繁殖和非繁殖地点是至关重要的，以保持许多下降的加拿大滨鸟物种。