Latitudinal variation in population ecology of neotropical migrant shorebirds

新热带候鸟鸻鹬种群生态的纬度变化

• 批准号: 331361-2006
• 负责人: Nol, Erica
• 金额: $ 1.27万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363448
• 关键词: Latitudinal; variation; population; ecology; neotropical

My research program comprises arctic ecology with an emphasis on how bird populations deal with weather variability, an immediate correlate of climate change. The vast North American Arctic is home to the richest diversity of shorebirds in the world. The effects of climate change are particularly pronounced in this region with the potential for great change in vegetation communities, predators, and bird populations. It is an ideal habitat to study responses of birds to variable environments. Few researchers have long-term data from northern climates. My students and I have been  documenting variation in one location (Churchill Manitoba) since the late 1980's. I now propose to study shorebirds in several sub-Arctic and Arctic locations over a latitudinal gradient to determine what factors might influence the decision of birds to take long (high Arctic) versus shorter (low or sub-Arctic) migrations to their breeding grounds. I propose that there must be differences in habitat quality and reproductive success in more northerly locations that compensate for the longer migrations required to get to those locations.  With a Northern Supplement I intend to support more students in more northerly locations, so that we can simultaneous study several species to analyse the factors that influence reproductive success in several environments along the gradient of south, with longer breeding seasons, but shorter days, and more predictable spring temperatures, to north, with shorter breeding seasons, longer days and less predictable spring temperatures.  With a proposed 5 year tenure of the study, I  should also be able to capture ample within location variability in weather to examine this influence on reproductive success and  local population sizes.

我的研究计划包括北极生态学，重点是鸟类种群如何应对气候变化，这是与气候变化直接相关的。辽阔的北美北极是世界上种类最丰富的滨鸟的家园。气候变化的影响在这一地区尤其明显，植被群落、捕食者和鸟类种群可能发生重大变化。这是研究鸟类对不同环境的反应的理想栖息地。很少有研究人员拥有北方气候的长期数据。自20世纪80年代末以来，我的学生和我一直在记录一个地点(丘吉尔马尼托巴省)的变化。现在我提议研究几个亚北极和北极地区的海滨鸟类在纬度梯度上的变化，以确定哪些因素可能会影响鸟类决定进行长时间(高北极)或短时间(低或亚北极)迁徙到它们的繁殖地。我建议，在更靠北的地区，栖息地质量和繁殖成功必须存在差异，以弥补到达这些地点所需的较长时间的迁徙。在北方补充协议的帮助下，我打算在更靠北的地点支持更多的学生，这样我们就可以同时研究几个物种，以分析在南方梯度的几种环境中影响繁殖成功的因素，这些环境的繁殖季节更长，但白天更短，春季温度更可预测，向北，繁殖季节更短，白天更长，春季温度更难预测。根据拟议的5年研究期限，我认为，还应该能够捕捉到天气中充分的位置变异性，以检查这种对繁殖成功的影响和对当地种群规模的影响。