The two dimensional spin

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

The oldest and most important unsolved question in quantum theory (QT) is, "What is the meaning of the wave function?" This has been debated since the early days, with Einstein heading one side and Bohr the other. The answer is of vital importance to the continued development of both fundamental ideas and technologies that depend upon QT. Emerging technologies that are affected include quantum teleportation, cryptography and information theory. In addition to focusing on the above question, many more are relevant to my research, the long range goal of which is to secure the statistical interpretation of QT and study its underlying structure: Is nature local or not? Is entanglement a property of nature or of QT? Is nature statistical or deterministic? Is teleportation possible? How is information carried in qubits? What does the Heisenberg Principle mean? Einstein believed a deeper theory existed than QT because God does not play dice; Bohr believed that nature is fundamentally statistical. The side of Einstein is supported by my discovery within the last year that a spin ½ has two, not one, axes of quantization: the 2D spin. This model leads to some surprising results including proving that the entangled Bell states are separable. Therefore entanglement is a property of QT, but not at the level of single particles. The 2D spin also gives a local interpretation to the class of experiments that are usually thought to demonstrate non-locality. Moreover the 2D spin produces another spin state through interference, and this spin fringe has irrational quantum numbers of ±1/root(2) rather than ±1/2. The self-interference of a single 2D spin suggests a mechanism that would resolve the double-slit experiment. All three spin components are simultaneously well defined, even though they do not commute. However because of degeneracy, a rationalization of the statistical nature of QT emerges. The usual spin with a single axis of quantization is recovered when a magnetic field is applied to the 2D spin. All these intuitive ideas come at the expense of the hermitian postulate of quantum mechanics because the 2D spin states are found to be non-hermitian.