4D multi-parameter investigaitons of volcanic eruption processes

虽然在描述火山喷发特征方面取得了相当大的进展，但要更全面地了解造成火山活动的物理过程，就需要综合进行多时间和多空间的地球物理和地球化学研究。新鲜的、富含气体的岩浆侵入储层被认为是火山爆发的必要条件，并通过与岩浆相互作用导致火山爆发。然而，这种相互作用的程度和发生的速度仍然知之甚少。因此，我研究的主要目标是收集多时间的地球化学和地球物理数据，旨在确定岩浆房和相关热液系统的深度和物理特性，以及研究处于不稳定状态的持续活火山和火山口下的管道过程。我将利用这些数据建立一个综合模型，将地面变形和重力变化与岩浆储层的体积和挥发性成分的变化联系起来。这类研究的一个问题是，活火山上层的变化（如热液系统）可以“掩盖”发生在深处的变化。因此，我将尝试通过对火山系统进行补充研究来限制这些近地表效应的时空影响。我将继续通过监测Masaya（尼加拉瓜）、Poás（哥斯达黎加）和Kawah Ijen（印度尼西亚）的气体排放、大地测量和被动地电响应来收集持续活火山的时间序列数据，并将在Kilauea火山（美国）开展类似的多参数研究。我将继续整合基于地面的地球化学和地球物理测量，这些测量可以表征与持续火山活动有关的近地表过程，从而能够更好地模拟可能引发火山爆发的深层岩浆过程。拟议的研究有可能极大地促进对火山系统如何从休眠状态到动荡状态到持续活动状态并最终到喷发状态的理解。

Although considerable progress has been made in characterising volcanic eruptions, a more complete understanding of the physical processes responsible for volcanic activity requires the integration of multi-temporal and multi-spatial geophysical and geochemical studies. The intrusion of fresh, gas-rich magma into a reservoir is thought to be essential to the occurrence of an eruption and to cause the latter by interacting with the ponded magma. However, the extent of this interaction and rate at which it occurs are still poorly understood. The main objective of my research is therefore to gather multi-temporal geochemical and geophysical data aimed at determining the depth and physical properties of magma chambers and associated hydrothermal systems as well as investigate conduit processes beneath persistently active volcanoes and calderas in a state of unrest. I will use these data to develop integrated models relating ground deformation and gravity variations to changes in the volume and volatile composition of a magma reservoir. A problem in studies of this type is that changes in the upper edifice of active volcanoes (e.g., hydrothermal systems) can "mask" changes occurring at depth. I will therefore try to constrain the spatiotemporal influence of these near-surface effects by conducting complementary studies of volcanic systems. I will continue collecting time series data at persistently active volcanoes by monitoring gas emissions, geodetic and passive geoelectrical responses at Masaya (Nicaragua), Poás (Costa Rica), and Kawah Ijen (Indonesia) and will initiate similar multi-parameter studies at Kilauea volcano (USA). I will continue to integrate ground-based geochemical and geophysical measurements which allow for characterization of the near-surface processes involved in persistent volcanism and therefore enable better modeling of the deeper magmatic processes that are likely responsible for triggering eruptions. The proposed research has the potential to significantly advance understanding of how volcanic systems develop from a state of dormancy through unrest into a state of persistent activity and finally to one of eruption.