Engineering field tests of a towed marine controlled source electromagnetic system

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The marine exploration group at the University of Toronto concentrates on the development of novel techniques for seafloor exploration to depths of several kilometers using electrical antennas and receivers at low audio frequencies. Since 1978, the group has published a series of seminal papers on controlled-source electromagnetic methods (CSEM), particularly those capable of detecting targets whose resistivity is larger than that of the surrounding host rock. The application is the detection and assessment of natural gas, petroleum and particularly methane clathrate hydrate, the clean hydrocarbon and fuel of the 21st century.