Software architecture, model driven development and fault tolerance

软件工程中的许多实际和基础问题本质上都是关于表示软件构件的结构的。今天的软件密集型系统非常庞大和复杂。它们必须在工程师可管理的部件中进行设计和实施。这需要将各个部分组合在一起以代表整体的方案。分析方法必须能够在部分和整体之间导航，以便在关注部分的过程中利用降低复杂性的优势，然后能够“促进”结果应用于整体。结构可以至少以两种方式施加：第一种是通常的以部分/整体关系为代表的层次结构，一种垂直结构，第二种可以被视为具有不同的整体视图，每一种视图代表关于整体的不同但可能重叠的信息，一种水平结构。 拟议工作的主要目标包括：(1)推进软件体系结构的建模和分析(结构化的一种部分/整体形式)，着手开发：(A)通过识别和使动作同时发生来区分动作同步的新的并发模型，(B)基于应用于底层体系结构的转换的概念来处理体系结构设计中的各个方面的方法，以及(C)比以前工作中采用的更抽象的动态重构模型；(Ii)进一步开发基于组件的(部分/整体)容错建模方法及其分析；以及(3)根据各种形式主义所描述的基本模型及其之间的关系、要应用的基本数学“技术”以及将这些不同的目标联系在一起形成一个连贯整体的概念，发展对多种建模范式(使用水平结构)的理解，例如模型驱动工程中使用的那些范式，即使用范畴理论来表示结构和通用结构，以提供操纵这种结构的操作。

Many practical and foundational problems in software engineering are essentially about representing the structure of software artifacts. Today's software intensive systems are very large and complex. They must be designed and implemented in parts that are manageable by engineers. This requires schemes for putting together parts to represent the whole. Analysis methods must be able to navigate between parts and whole to take advantage of complexity reduction in focusing on parts and then being able to "promote" the results to be applied to the whole. Structure may be imposed in at least two ways: the first is the usual hierarchical structuring typified by the part/whole relationship, a kind of vertical structuring, and the second may be seen as having various views of a whole, each representing different, but possibly overlapping, information about the whole, a kind of horizontal structuring. The main objectives for the proposed work include: (i) advancing the modelling and analysis of software architecture (a part/whole form of structuring), by undertaking the development of: (a) a new model of concurrency that distinguishes synchronisation of actions by identification and having them occur simultaneously, (b) an approach to aspects in architectural design founded on the notion of a transformation applied to an underlying architecture, and (c) a more abstract model of dynamic reconfiguration than adopted in earlier work;; (ii) developing further a component based (part/whole) modelling approach for fault tolerance and its analysis; and (iii) developing an understanding of multi modelling paradigms (which use horizontal structuring), such as those used in Model Driven Engineering, in terms of the underlying models described in various formalisms and the relationships between them, The underlying mathematical "technology" to be applied, and the concept that ties these varied objectives together into a coherent whole is the use of category theory, to represent structure, and universal constructions, to provide operations for manipulating such structures.