Prospective Memory

未来记忆

• 批准号: 402613-2011
• 负责人: Uttl, Bob
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Mount Royal University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=573337
• 关键词: Prospective; Memory

Prospective memory allows us to make plans and to recollect them later at the right time and place. We require prospective memory, for example, to remember to pick up groceries on the way home from work or for taking medication following a prescribed schedule. The long term goal of my research is to advance our understanding of age-related changes in prospective memory. A number of theories make predictions about age-related changes in prospective memory and my research will examine a number of these predictions. However, a review of previous literature highlights several pressing problems that hinder advancements in prospective memory research. First, there is a lack of reliable and valid objective measures of prospective memory. At present, the vast majority of prospective memory research has been conducted using binary success/failure indexes that are unreliable and inefficient, and often result in uninterpretable findings. Second, the existing self-report measures of prospective memory failures are reliable but not valid (i.e., do not measure prospective memory). Third, previous research has generally failed to distinguish between prospective memory and vigilance/monitoring, related yet distinct abilities that are differentially affected by variables such as aging, resulting in many seemingly contradictory theoretical claims and findings. The proposed research has four short term goals. The first goal is to develop reliable continuous (as opposed to binary) measures of prospective memory. The second goal is to develop reliable and valid self-reports of prospective memory failures. The third goal is to examine the distinction between prospective memory and vigilance/monitoring. The fourth and final goal is to examine (a) how exactly prospective memory changes across the life-span, (b) whether changes in processing speed, retrospective memory, and other cognitive processes explain age changes in prospective memory, and (c) the relationship between prospective memory, personality, and intelligence. Addressing these objectives is important from both theoretical and applied perspectives because prospective memory is critical for sustaining older adults' independent living.

前瞻记忆使我们能够制定计划，并在以后的适当时间和地点回忆起这些计划。例如，我们需要前瞻性记忆，记得在下班回家的路上买东西，或者按照规定的时间表服药。我研究的长期目标是促进我们对前瞻记忆中与年龄相关的变化的理解。许多理论对年龄相关的前瞻记忆变化做出了预测，我的研究将检验其中的一些预测。 然而，对以往文献的回顾强调了几个阻碍前瞻记忆研究进展的紧迫问题。首先，前瞻记忆缺乏可靠有效的客观测量。目前，绝大多数前瞻记忆研究都是使用成功/失败的二元指数进行的，这些指数不可靠、效率低，往往导致无法解释的结果。第二，现有的前瞻记忆失败的自我报告测量是可靠的，但不是有效的(即不测量前瞻记忆)。第三，以前的研究普遍未能区分前瞻记忆和警戒/监控，这两个相关但截然不同的能力受到年龄等变量的不同影响，导致了许多看似相互矛盾的理论主张和发现。 这项拟议的研究有四个短期目标。第一个目标是发展可靠的、连续的(而不是二元的)前瞻记忆测量。第二个目标是开发可靠和有效的前瞻性记忆失败自我报告。第三个目标是研究前瞻记忆和警觉/监控之间的区别。第四个也是最后一个目标是研究(A)前瞻记忆在一生中究竟是如何变化的，(B)加工速度、回溯记忆和其他认知过程的变化是否解释了前瞻记忆的年龄变化，以及(C)前瞻记忆、个性和智力之间的关系。从理论和应用的角度来看，解决这些目标都很重要，因为前瞻记忆对于维持老年人的独立生活至关重要。