Prospective Memory

未来记忆

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06388
• 负责人: Uttl, Bob
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Mount Royal University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764165
• 关键词: Prospective; Memory

Episodic prospective memory (ProM) is the ability that allows us to make plans and to recollect them later at the right time or place. In contrast, retrospective memory (RetM) is the ability that allows us to recollect specific prior experiences or events. For example, if we make a plan to stop for groceries at the market on the way home, episodic ProM is necessary to bring back to awareness this plan as we drive by the market, and then RetM is required to recollect which groceries we planned to buy. Episodic ProM is distinguished from vigilance/monitoring, another subdomain of ProM, where the plan remains in consciousness throughout the retention period. In a classical example of vigilance/monitoring, an air traffic controller maintains a plan to separate air planes in consciousness and constantly watches out for cues that the air planes are in danger of coming too close to each other and issues directives whenever the air planes may come too close to each other.      The long term goal of my research is to advance our understanding of processes involved in age-related changes in prospective memory. Leading theories have made different predictions about magnitude of age declines in prospective memory with some theories predicting no age-related declines (McDaniel & Einstein, 2000) whereas other theories predicting substantial age-related declines (Craik, 1983, 1986). Although overwhelming evidence shows age declines in all aspects of episodic ProM, it is unclear what is the pattern of age declines (e.g., linear, accelerated), whether the pattern depends on subdomain of ProM (episodic ProM vs. vigilance/monitoring), what proportion of age declines can be explained by age declines in fundamental cognitive processes, and which factors influence the size of age declines. The four short-term objectives are: (1) to examine pattern of age-differences in episodic ProM vs. vigilance/monitoring across adult lifespan; (2) to examine contribution of individual differences in fundamental cognitive process including processing speed, working memory, crystalized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and personality to age differences in episodic ProM vs. vigilance/monitoring; (3) to examine convergent and divergent validity of episodic ProM and vigilance/monitoring measures; and (4) to examine how encoding/retrieval interactions, encoding/planning activities, and motivation (using monetary incentives) influence age differences in episodic ProM.      The proposed research is important from both theoretical and applied perspectives. First, the research will advance theories of ProM by examining patterns of age declines and fundamental cognitive processes involved in ProM. Second, the research will also result in normative data on reliable and valid measures of episodic ProM, the data that are currently missing but are critical in clinical and applied settings for supporting older adults' independent living.

情景前瞻性记忆（ProM）是一种让我们制定计划并在适当的时间或地点回忆计划的能力。相反，回顾性记忆（RetM）是一种让我们回忆特定的先前经历或事件的能力。例如，如果我们计划在回家的路上在市场上停下来买杂货，那么当我们开车经过市场时，情景ProM就需要重新意识到这个计划，然后RetM需要选择我们计划购买的杂货。情景性ProM与警戒/监测不同，后者是ProM的另一个子域，计划在整个保留期内保持在意识中。在警戒/监视的经典示例中，空中交通管制员保持在意识中分离飞机的计划，并且不断地注意飞机处于彼此太接近的危险中的线索，并且每当飞机可能彼此太接近时发出指令。 我研究的长期目标是促进我们对前瞻记忆中与年龄相关的变化过程的理解。领先的理论对前瞻记忆的年龄下降幅度做出了不同的预测，一些理论预测没有与年龄相关的下降（McDaniel & Einstein，2000），而其他理论预测与年龄相关的大幅下降（Craik，1983，1986）。虽然压倒性的证据表明，年龄下降的各个方面的情节ProM，目前还不清楚是什么模式的年龄下降（例如，线性，加速），模式是否取决于ProM的子域（情景ProM与警惕/监测），年龄下降的比例可以通过基本认知过程中的年龄下降来解释，以及哪些因素影响年龄下降的大小。四个短期目标是：（1）检查成年人一生中情景性ProM与警惕/监控的年龄差异模式;（2）检查基本认知过程（包括处理速度、工作记忆、结晶智力、流体智力和个性）的个体差异对情景性ProM与警惕/监控的年龄差异的贡献;（3）检验情景ProM和警戒/监控措施的收敛和发散效度;（4）检验编码/提取交互作用、编码/计划活动和动机（使用金钱激励）如何影响情景ProM的年龄差异。 该研究从理论和应用两个角度都具有重要意义。首先，本研究将通过研究年龄下降的模式和参与ProM的基本认知过程来推进ProM的理论。其次，这项研究还将产生关于可靠和有效的情景性ProM测量的规范性数据，这些数据目前缺失，但在支持老年人独立生活的临床和应用环境中至关重要。