Anaerobic digestion of solid waste: a new approach to accommodating feedstock variability to achieve stable operation at an affordable cost

固体废物厌氧消化：一种适应原料变化的新方法，以可承受的成本实现稳定运行

• 批准号: 459122-2013
• 负责人: Edwards, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 1.8万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=575990
• 关键词: Anaerobic; digestion; solid; waste; new

Canadians dispose of about 25,000,000 tonnes per year of solid waste, including 8,000,000 tonnes of organic waste which decomposes in landfills to produce leachate and landfill gas, both a potential threat to the environment. Organic waste can be aerobically composted or anaerobically digested but the processes are expensive partly because all waste is heterogeneous and contains un-processable foreign matter. Anaerobic digestion is popular in Europe where waste management costs are high because of regulations, and rare in North America where regulations are less stringent and disposal costs are lower. A new approach to anaerobic digestion has been designed and patented specifically to be versatile, robust and affordable in North America. Its novelty is based upon the concept of digesting the mixed waste as-received, in a two-stage reactor, with very little pre-processing. This dramatically reduces complexity and cost in exchange for longer digestion times. The process stabilizes the waste and produces renewable energy in the form of biogas. The process is licensed to Miller Waste Systems Inc., a Canadian leader in waste diversion and organic waste processing. The purpose of this research and development grant, in collaboration with Miller Waste Systems Inc., is to assess the performance of the process on the kind of mixed and variable wastes which are representative of what is actually generated in the marketplace (municipal, industrial commercial and institutional), with the ultimate aim of dramatically reducing the amount of organic waste going to landfill.

加拿大每年处理约 25,000,000 吨固体废物，其中包括 8,000,000 吨有机废物，这些废物在垃圾填埋场分解产生渗滤液和垃圾填埋气，这两种废物都对环境构成潜在威胁。有机废物可以进行需氧堆肥或厌氧消化，但这些过程成本高昂，部分原因是所有废物都是异质的，并且含有无法处理的异物。厌氧消化在欧洲很流行，因为那里的法规规定废物管理成本很高，但在北美很少见，因为法规不太严格，处理成本也较低。 一种新的厌氧消化方法已被专门设计并获得专利，在北美具有通用性、稳健性和经济性。其新颖性基于在两级反应器中消化收到的混合废物的概念，几乎不需要预处理。这极大地降低了复杂性和成本，以换取更长的消化时间。该过程稳定废物并产生沼气形式的可再生能源。该工艺已授权给米勒废物系统公司（Miller Waste Systems Inc.），该公司是加拿大废物转移和有机废物处理领域的领导者。 这项研发资助的目的是与 Miller Waste Systems Inc. 合作，评估混合和可变废物的处理性能，这些废物代表了市场（市政、工业、商业和机构）实际产生的废物，最终目标是大幅减少进入垃圾填埋场的有机废物的数量。