Developing analytical environmental forensic techniques to identify new persistent and bioaccumlative chemicals

开发环境法医分析技术来识别新的持久性和生物累积性化学品

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05303
• 负责人: Tomy, Gregg
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611560
• 关键词: Developing; analytical; environmental; forensic; techniques

Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in the manufacture and use of man-made chemicals. One study has estimated that there are 4 000 new chemicals produced each day. Many of the chemicals produced by industry are used in commercial products that we use or encounter on a daily basis. For example, flame-retardants are added to foam materials used in couches, mattresses and chairs to mitigate the spread of fires. These chemicals are typically not bound to the end-product, and over time are released from the intended product. Research indicates that the subsequent release of these additive chemicals can result in direct human exposure. Furthermore, leaching of additives from end-products in land-fills can contaminate aquatic systems and organisms therein. Our understanding of the chemical environmental behavior of many chemicals used for commercial purposes is lacking primarily because new analytical methods to detect and identify these compounds are not available. In addition, the potential threat many of these chemicals pose to humans and wildlife is largely unknown. This proposed research will address some of the many data-gaps that currently exist. First, we will develop novel analytical techniques to identify chemicals in commercial use that to date have gone unreported. Our focus will be on those chemicals that are suspected to be a concern because they are persistent, toxic, and accumulative in higher organisms. We will employ a variety of separation and mass spectrometric detection techniques to isolate new and previously unreported chemicals and to identify their chemical structures. We strongly anticipate our research will lead to new chemical discoveries. We will also test the inherent toxicity on a judiciously selected sub-set of identified chemicals by using a fish bioassay that we are pioneering in our laboratory. Specifically, our toxicity studies will examine the impact exposure to these chemicals have on the production of sex hormones in fish. Our results will also contribute significantly to fundamental physical properties and toxicity reference databases employed by risk-assessors to model the behavior and toxicity of chemicals of emerging concern. Our expected results will provide the crucial scientific evidence required for national (Environment Canada) and international (Stockholm Convention) regulators to make sound regulatory decisions on the production and use of anthropogenic chemicals. Analytical advances made in our laboratory on the detection of new and previously unreported chemicals will benefit such agencies in aiding them to fulfill their mandates.

在过去的十年中，人造化学物质的制造和使用显着增加。一项研究估计，每天生产4000种新化学物质。行业生产的许多化学品用于我们每天使用或遇到的商业产品。例如，将火焰粘液剂添加到用于沙发，床垫和椅子中的泡沫材料中，以减轻火灾的传播。这些化学物质通常不与最终产品结合，并且随着时间的流逝将从预期的产品中释放出来。研究表明，随后释放这些添加剂可以导致人类​​直接接触。此外，在土地填充物中浸出添加剂的添加剂可能会污染其中的水生系统和生物。我们对用于商业目的的许多化学物质的化学环境行为的理解主要是因为缺乏检测和鉴定这些化合物的新分析方法。此外，潜在的威胁这些化学物质对人类和野生动植物构成了许多化学物质。 这项拟议的研究将解决当前存在的许多数据隙中的一些。首先，我们将开发新颖的分析技术，以识别迄今为止未报告的商业用途中的化学物质。我们的重点将放在那些被怀疑是关注的化学物质上，因为它们在较高的生物体中是持久，毒性和累积的。我们将采用各种分离和质谱检测技术来隔离新的和以前未报告的化学物质并识别其化学结构。我们强烈期望我们的研究将导致新的化学发现。我们还将通过使用我们在实验室开创的鱼类生物测定法测试对明智选择的被识别化学物质的固有毒性。具体而言，我们的毒性研究将研究这些化学物质对鱼类性激素产生的影响。我们的结果还将为风险评估者采用的基本物理特性和毒性参考数据库做出重大贡献，以模拟新兴关注的化学物质的行为和毒性。 我们的预期结果将为国家（加拿大环境部）和国际（斯德哥尔摩公约）监管机构提供有关人为化学品的生产和使用做出明智的监管决定所需的至关重要的科学证据。我们实验室在发现新的和以前未报告的化学物质方面取得的分析进展将使这些机构有助于协助他们履行其任务。