Aerosol chemistry and photochemistry in polluted urban environments: research for tomorrow’s megacities

污染城市环境中的气溶胶化学和光化学：未来大城市的研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06669
• 负责人: Styler, Sarah
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=616450
• 关键词: Aerosol; chemistry; photochemistry; polluted; urban

Although our current understanding of urban air quality comes largely from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe, the bulk of today’s urban growth is occurring in developing Asian and African megacities. The overarching goal of our group's research is to explore light-induced chemistry (photochemistry) that may be promoted in the metal- and soot-rich atmospheric particulate matter (aerosol) typical of developing urban regions and industrially influenced areas, and thus improve our understanding of the processes that govern air quality in these understudied environments. We will explore chemistry and photochemistry at the surface of real, chemically complex aerosol samples, which we will collect in a variety of polluted urban and industrially influenced environments, both in Canada and abroad. In an effort to better understand the influence of aerosol-phase chemistry on the concentrations of trace pollutant gases, we will study the photochemical interactions of O3, NO2 and SO2 with thin films prepared from extracts of these aerosol samples. In addition, we will investigate the possibility that metal-catalyzed photochemistry contributes to the aerosol-phase formation of organosulfate (OS; ROSO3-) and organonitrate (ON; RONO2) compounds, both of which have been shown to contribute significantly to the organic mass present in ambient urban aerosol. We will also work to improve our understanding of the molecular nature and atmospheric consequences of photochemical interactions between dust and urban organic pollutants. Here, we will aim to replicate in the laboratory the processes that deposit organic material on dust aerosol under ambient urban conditions and, by extension, capture the morphological characteristics imprinted on particles by these processes. In an effort to better understand the role that particle morphology plays in influencing reactions at the surface of mixed dust-carbonaceous aerosol, we will compare the photochemical uptake of O3, NO2 and SO2 at the surface of dust aerosol freshly generated from source soils with that at the surface of dust aerosol previously coated with single organic compounds and complex organic mixtures—specifically, exhaust from highly polluting engines typical of those used in developing economies. We will also study dust-pollutant interactions over longer timescales in a newly constructed atmospheric reaction chamber: specifically, we will investigate dust-catalyzed formation of new particles and oxidation of gas-phase organics; in addition, we will investigate the influence of photoactive dust aerosol on the quantity and composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from urban organic pollutants.

虽然我们目前对城市空气质量的了解主要来自于在北美和西欧进行的研究，但今天的城市增长大部分发生在亚洲和非洲的发展中大城市。我们小组研究的首要目标是探索光诱导化学（光化学），这种化学可能在发展中城市地区和工业影响地区典型的富含金属和烟尘的大气颗粒物（气溶胶）中得到促进，从而提高我们对这些未充分研究的环境中管理空气质量的过程的理解。 我们将探索化学和光化学在表面的真实的，化学复杂的气溶胶样品，我们将收集在各种污染的城市和工业影响的环境，在加拿大和国外。为了更好地了解气溶胶相化学对痕量污染气体浓度的影响，我们将研究O3，NO2和SO2与从这些气溶胶样品提取物制备的薄膜的光化学相互作用。此外，我们将调查的可能性，金属催化的光化学有助于气溶胶相形成的有机硫酸盐（OS; ROSO 3-）和有机硝酸盐（ON; RONO 2）的化合物，这两者都已被证明有助于显着的有机质量存在于周围的城市气溶胶。 我们还将努力提高我们的分子性质和灰尘和城市有机污染物之间的光化学相互作用的大气后果的理解。在这里，我们的目标是在实验室中复制的过程中，存款有机物质的尘埃气溶胶在城市环境条件下，并通过扩展，捕捉这些过程中的颗粒上的形态特征。为了更好地理解颗粒形态在影响混合粉尘-含碳气溶胶表面反应中的作用，我们将比较从源土壤中新鲜产生的粉尘气溶胶表面与先前涂有单一有机化合物和复杂有机混合物的粉尘气溶胶表面对O3、NO2和SO2的光化学吸收，发展中经济体使用的典型高污染发动机排放的废气。我们还将在一个新建的大气反应室中研究更长时间尺度上的灰尘-污染物相互作用：具体来说，我们将研究灰尘催化形成新颗粒和气相有机物的氧化;此外，我们将研究光活性灰尘气溶胶对城市有机污染物形成的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的数量和组成的影响。