The morphogenic movements and cell signalling events during organ development

器官发育过程中的形态发生运动和细胞信号事件

• 批准号: 435974-2013
• 负责人: Kormish, Jay
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=629036
• 关键词: morphogenic; movements; cell; signalling; events

Organs can be described simply as functional units of cells, often of different types, that together perform a specific set of functions within an organism. An important question in developmental biology is how distinct cell types migrate, change shape and interact in a coordinated manner to form an organ. In the proposed research, we will use the muscular feeding tube (the pharynx) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living microscopic roundworm, with its powerful tools of genetics and live-imaging to study organ development. During pharynx morphogenesis, diverse cell types interact and coordinate their movements to rearrange themselves from a "ball of cells" into an extended tubular structure. In this developmental context, the salivary gland cells migrate and use a unique form of cellular morphogenesis called retrograde extension to form their secretory extensions. The focus of the proposed research is to understand the temporal and spatial regulation of intercellular interactions within the developing pharynx that are necessary for gland cell development. We will use the most advanced techniques in microscopy and genome analysis, coupled with the highly tractable tool of C. elegans genetics, to identify the cellular and molecular basis of organ morphogenesis. A group of agriculturally relevant plant-parasitic nematodes (i.e., the root-knot and cyst nematodes) mediate plant host infection and parasitism using their highly specialized pharynx and gland cells. Molecular pathways and cellular responses identified in C. elegans will be compared to root-knot nematode foregut development to identify the molecular mechanisms behind the evolution of organ structure. Understanding the basic biology and unique aspects of the nematode foregut and salivary gland cells will be important to provide a scientific basis for a directed approach to nematode pest control.

器官可以简单地描述为细胞的功能单元，通常是不同类型的，它们一起在有机体内执行一组特定的功能。发育生物学中的一个重要问题是不同类型的细胞如何迁移、改变形状并以协调的方式相互作用以形成一个器官。在拟议的研究中，我们将使用线虫线虫的肌肉饲养管(咽部)，这是一种自由生活的微小蛔虫，利用其强大的遗传学和活体成像工具来研究器官发育。在咽部形态发生过程中，不同类型的细胞相互作用并协调它们的运动，从而将自己从一团细胞重新排列成一个延伸的管状结构。在这种发育背景下，唾液腺细胞迁移并使用一种独特的细胞形态发生形式，称为逆行延伸，以形成它们的分泌延伸。拟议的研究重点是了解发育中的咽部细胞间相互作用的时间和空间调节，这是腺细胞发育所必需的。我们将使用显微镜和基因组分析中最先进的技术，结合线虫遗传学的高度易懂的工具，来鉴定器官形态发生的细胞和分子基础。一类与农业相关的植物寄生线虫(即根结线虫和孢囊线虫)利用其高度特化的咽部和腺体细胞介导植物寄主感染和寄生。在线虫中发现的分子途径和细胞反应将与根结线虫的前驱发育进行比较，以确定器官结构进化背后的分子机制。了解线虫前肠和唾液腺细胞的基本生物学和独特方面，将为定向控制线虫虫害提供科学基础。