Probing the properties of particulate pollution: Elucidating the origins and impacts of atmospheric aerosol

探究颗粒物污染的特性：阐明大气气溶胶的起源和影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05710
• 负责人: Evans, Greg
• 金额: $ 3.93万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632558
• 关键词: Probing; properties; particulate; pollution; Elucidating

Atmospheric aerosol plays key roles in climate and air quality. Though microscopic in size, these tiny particles have global impacts on our environment and health. This proposal outlines research to enable transformational advances in our knowledge of atmospheric aerosol. The detailed chemistry of these particles will be measured over extended periods of time and in different location across Canada using the very best instruments available. These data will then be analysed using carefully selected statistical methods so as to make key connections between the many sources of these particles and their impacts on climate and health. Specifically, in one set of studies, sources of black carbon will be identified and their relative contributions to atmospheric concentrations determined. The impact of these particles on global warming will then be explored so as to understand how the amount of sunlight they absorb, and hence warming they cause, changes in time and space. These changes occur due to the evolution in the chemistry of the particles as they grow and “age”, by gathering other pollutants, while being carried long distances in the wind. In the second set of studies, particles from vehicle emissions will be studied so as to determine the relative contributions from different vehicle types (e.g. gasoline vs. diesel) and how this varies in time and space. These data will then be used to evaluate how traffic related emissions influence the exposure and health of people living near roads and at different locations across cities. This research will build on a well-established foundation so as to generate new knowledge that transcends disciplinary frontiers. The research will thereby provide unique training of Canada’s future science leaders, through immersion in a multidisciplinary community drawing from Engineering, Chemistry and Medicine, government scientists at the federal, provincial and municipal levels, and growing international partnerships in China and Brazil. Overall this research will produce talented people well equipped to tackle these issues, along with pioneering technologies and methods to study the impacts of atmospheric aerosol particles on health, air quality and climate.

大气气溶胶在气候和空气质量中起着关键作用。虽然这些微小的颗粒很小，但它们对我们的环境和健康有着全球性的影响。本提案概述了使我们对大气气溶胶的认识取得革命性进展的研究。这些颗粒的详细化学成分将在很长一段时间内，在加拿大各地的不同地点，使用最好的仪器进行测量。然后，将使用精心挑选的统计方法对这些数据进行分析，以便在这些颗粒的许多来源及其对气候和健康的影响之间建立关键联系。具体地说，在一组研究中，将确定黑碳的来源，并确定它们对大气浓度的相对贡献。这些粒子对全球变暖的影响将被探索，从而了解它们吸收的阳光量，以及由此引起的变暖，在时间和空间上是如何变化的。这些变化的发生是由于颗粒在生长和“老化”过程中化学成分的演变，通过收集其他污染物，同时被风吹到很远的地方。在第二组研究中，将研究车辆排放的颗粒，以确定不同车辆类型（例如汽油与柴油）的相对贡献，以及这在时间和空间上的变化。然后，这些数据将用于评估与交通有关的排放如何影响生活在道路附近和城市不同地点的人们的暴露和健康。这项研究将建立在一个完善的基础上，从而产生超越学科边界的新知识。因此，这项研究将为加拿大未来的科学领袖提供独特的培训，通过沉浸在一个多学科社区中，从工程、化学和医学，联邦、省和市级政府科学家，以及在中国和巴西日益增长的国际伙伴关系中。总的来说，这项研究将培养出有能力解决这些问题的人才，以及研究大气气溶胶颗粒对健康、空气质量和气候影响的前沿技术和方法。